Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cardiovascular System Madeline Gaytan Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System Madeline Gaytan Period 5
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Protects the body against disease and infection
Provides cells with nutrients
It removes the waste products of metabolism to the excretory organs for disposal.
It regulates the body temperature
It transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
It maintains fluid balance within the body
Anatomy of the heart
The 2 upper chambers are the atria that receive and collect blood
The two lower chambers are the ventricles that pump blood to other parts of the body
The four valves are the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid valves. They let blood flow forward and prevent it from flowing backwards
The mitral valve and tricuspid valve, which control blood flow from the atria to the ventricles.
The aortic valve and pulmonary valve, which control blood flow out of the ventricles.
The valves function is to open up correctly so blood can empty from the chamber
Blood flow through the heart and body
Then the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle through the mitral valve.
The first step to the way blood flows through the body is that the right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve.
After that, the left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the rest of the body.
The pulmonary circulation is a short loop from the heart to the lungs and back again.
After blood passes through the capillaries, it enters the smallest veins, called venules. Then when it goes to the venules, it flows into progressively larger and larger veins until it reaches the heart.
Layers of the heart
The epicardium function is to prevent exess expansion or movement of the heart
There are three layers of the heart which are called; epicardium that is the outer layer of the heart, the middle layer is the myocardium, and the inner layer is the endocardium
The myocardium initiates contractions driving the cardiac cycle
The endocardium plays a role that lines the cavities and valves.
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types(arteries, veins, capillaries)
The arteries have thick walls composed of three distinct layers. They transport blood away from the heart
The veins have thin walls but typically have wider lumen. They are also known as blood vessles that carry blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation.
Capillaries are pretty small but they surround body cells and tissues to deliver and absorb oxygen, nutrients and other substances
The difference between capillaries and veins is that capillaries deliver the waste-rich blood to the veins. The veins just transport the blood back to the lungs and heart.
Arteries have thick muscular and elastic walls to pump blood and on the other hand, veins actually have thin walls but have less muscular tissues than arteries
Cardiac cycle and the ECG
The ECG device detects and amplifies the tiny electrical changes on the skin that are caused when the heart muscle depolarizes during each heartbea
The cardiac cycle comprises a full complete relaxation and contraction of both the atria and ventricles. First, with all chambers in diastole, blood flows from the veins into the atria and past the atrioventricular valves into the ventricles.
The three stages to the cardiac cycle is the atrial and ventricle diastole. These chamber are relaxed and are being filled with blood. The the atrial systole contracts and remaining blood is being pushed into ventricles.
The last stage of the cardiac cycle is the ventricular systole that contracts and pushes blood through the aorta and pulmonary artery
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Abnormal heart rhythms, or arrhythmias.
Aorta disease and Marfan syndrome.
Congenital heart disease.
Coronary artery disease
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Heart attack and heart failure
Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)
The most common disease is the coronary heart disease. It occurs when the arteries supply blood to the heart narrow or harden from the build up.