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C9 Crude oil and fuels, image, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
C9 Crude oil and fuels
9.1 Hydrocarbons
Crude oil
Crude oil is a finite resource found in rocks. It was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea animals and plants, mainly plankton, that were buried under mud.
It is a mixture of many different compounds that boil at different temperatures. The crude oil mixture can be separated to make useful fuels.
Fractions
You can separate a mixture of liquids by distillation. Simple distillation of crude oil can produce liquids that boil within different temperature ranges. These liquid mixtures are called fractions.
Hydrocarbons
Most compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons. This means that their molecules contain only hydrogen and carbon.
Many of these hydrocarbons are alkanes, with the general formula CnH(2n+2) for alkanes.
The first four alkane molecules are: CH4 (methane), C2H6 (ethane), C3H8 (propane), C4H10 (butane)
All carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds. This means that hey contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule.
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