Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Sunflower: Helianthus annuus, References in APA:, antimicrobial seed Link…
Sunflower: Helianthus annuus
Plant Uses
Food
Generally, the sunflower is considered important based on its nutritional and medicinal value. Due to its beneficial health effects, sunflower has been recognized as functional foods or nutraceutical, although not yet fully harnessed. Sunflower contains mineral elements and phytochemicals such as dietary fiber, manganese, vitamins, tocopherols, phytosterols, triterpene glycosides, α-tocopherol, glutathione reductase, flavonoids, phenolic acids, carotenoids, peptides, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins; and these compounds contribute to their functional and nutraceutical [development.]
Link Title
Sunflower processing and derivable products:
Link Title
Firewood
Although sunflower production in Turkey is significant, after the production the sunflower stem is a serious problem for farmers. Sunflower stems are cleaned, burned or used for temporary heating purposes. This type of use is causing serious problems to the
environment
Fibers
Sunflower by-product (obtained by grinding the stems) is considered as a source of natural fibers for engineered biocomposite material.
Link Title
Ornaments
Descendants of the Aztecs, most often said that the plant was used as an ornament for the church or as a funerary offering in the cemetery. The modernday Nahua have two names for sunflower: ‘‘chimalacatl’’ (‘‘shield reed’’), a reference to the hollow sunflower stem, and ‘‘chimalxochitl’’ (‘‘shield flower’’), describing the large, disklike head. The ‘‘shield’’ part of the Nahua names refers to a prominent pre-Columbian armament, one that became obsolete after the
Conquest.
Essential oils
From skin care to medical therapeutics, sunflower seed oil subjected increasingly research papers in dermatology as well as patent products for two major reasons, respectively (1) an effective, low-cost, and natural alternative, and (2) contains lipids similar in composition to stratum corneum lipids which has been shown to increase the epidermal ceramide and cholesterol synthesis, and to activate peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor alpha
Link Title
Link Title
Link Title
Link Title
Spices
sunflower petals are not an edible
food
Dyes
The dried hulls, pollens, and petals are used in
making dyes and face
paint
Since 3000 B.C. a wide range of uses of sunflower have been reported throughout the world such as ornamental plant, medicinal, alimentary, feedstock, fodder, dyes for textile industry, body painting decorations, and so on.
Link Title
Wood
In the Soviet Union the hulls are used for manufacturing ethyl alcohol,
in lining for plywood
Link Title
Biofuels
An alternative source of
fuel in automobile (diesel)
engines
-Sunflower is the world‘s fourth largest oil-seed crop and its seeds are used as food and its
dried stalk as fuel.
-In the Soviet Union the hulls are used for manufacturing ethyl alcohol, in lining for plywood and growing yeast. The dried stems have also been used for fuel
-Sunflowers are a permanent source of food, oilseed and biofuels because they are well adapted to a variety of conditions and often require fewer agricultural inputs than other more common crops, while under some circumstances, the potential exist to develop bioenergy systems that allow for synergies between food and energy
production
Oilseed sunflower is quickly gaining popularity as a feedstock crop for biodiesel because it shares several positive agronomic features with other common oil crops such as canola and soybean; yields well in a variety of conditions, and can be grown easily and profitably at both small farm and large field scales. It is well known that a number of crops can be used for both food and bioenergy production such as
sunflower.
Under some circumstances, the potential exist to develop bioenergy systems that allow for synergies between food and energy production. Integrated food and energy systems could produce food crops while simultaneously addressing energy needs
Beverages
"The most common means of consumption was to eat the seeds fresh or grind them up and mix the gruel with milk or water to make a beverage called
‘‘atole.’’'
Construction
Although sunflower production in Turkey is significant, after the production the sunflower stem is a serious problem for farmers. Sunflower stems are cleaned, burned or used for temporary heating purposes. This type of use is causing serious problems to the environment. Sunflower stalks and cotton textile waste, such as stubble, cause serious environmental problems. To circumvent this problem, the present study puts forth an advantageous use of those waste materials for insulation of buildings. In Turkey there are a lot of both of the aforementioned materials. As the binder for those two materials epoxy was used. As samples, 30 40 2.5 cm rectangular blocks were prepared under different pressures. The samples were tested for their mechanical properties and the coefficients of thermal conductivity, as well. The results obtained satisfied the Turkish Standard TS 805 EN 601. Thus, the method proposed in this study solves two industrial problems at the same time. A useful construction material is produced while some waste materials causing environmental problems are warded
off.
Medicine
Wild or Cultivated
Both wild and cultivated
Depending on the breeding goals and final use, there are three basic sunflower types: oilseed, confectionery, and ornamental sunflower. Sunflower breeding has gone through three phases, depending on the breeding method that was predominantly used. These are mass selection, method of individual selection for development of varieties, and method for development of the hybrids. The genotypes for all three directions of breeding must meet certain common criteria in terms of flower
appearance.
Where is it Grown
Link Title
Link Title
Active Chemicals
#
Where Does it Occur
Link Title
The Mexican haplotypes, on the other hand, fell well outside of this cluster. Although our data do not provide insight into the specific location of sunflower domestication, the relative rarity of the primary domesticated haplotype in the wild, combined with the dissimilarity between this haplotype and those found in the Mexican populations surveyed, provides further evidence that the extant domesticated sunflowers are the product of a single domestication event somewhere outside of
Mexico.
How is it Prepared
medicinal uses were prepared from the seed or sprout.
What Time of Year is it Harvested
Sunflower has one of the shortest growing seasons of the major economically important crops of the world. Early maturing varieties are ready for harvesting 90 to 120 days after planting, and late maturing varieties 120 to 160 days after planting. Delayed harvesting causes unwelcome changes in oil quality, with an increase in free fatty acid content. The seeds are ready to harvest when the heads turn black or brown and the seed moisture content reaches 10-12%. Grain combines are fairly easily adapted for the harvesting of sunflower by the addition of a head snatcher (Borbely et al., 2008)
.
What Portions of the Plant Employed for Each
Use
Antidiabetic
The sprout
Antihypertensive
The seed
Antimicrobial
The seed during the first five days of germination the protein used is present
Anti-inflammatory
Sunflower oil from the sunflower seed
Antioxidant
The seed
Wound healing
Sunflower oil from the sunflower seed
Case Studies for Medicinal Use
https://storage.googleapis.com/plos-corpus-prod/10.1371/journal.pone.0037191/1/pone.0037191.pdf?X-Goog-Algorithm=GOOG4-RSA-SHA256&X-Goog-Credential=wombat-sa%40plos-prod.iam.gserviceaccount.com%2F20210226%2Fauto%2Fstorage%2Fgoog4_request&X-Goog-Date=20210226T125657Z&X-Goog-Expires=3600&X-Goog-SignedHeaders=host&X-Goog-Signature=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
http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0716/ijsrp-p5532.pdf
https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/drp/2012/198789.pdf
What Does It Cure
#
Anti-Inflammatory
Sunflower oil in anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal profiles of indomethacin is evaluated in rats [80]. Results show that sunflower oil possesses significant anti-inflammatory benefits, possibly reducing carrageenan-induced paw edema by 79.5% compared to indomethacin (56.2%).
Link Title
Wound Healing
Sunflower seed oil with a high concentration of linoleic acid can be indicated as a therapeutic alternative for both microscopical and clinical wound healing process in young male lambs. After 3 days of the sunflower seed oil treatment, wound areas are reduced by 300% and after 7 days wounds improve macroscopically as well compared to control wounds.
Link Title
Anti-Hypertensive
In recent years, bioactive peptides have been recognized as having biological advantages for digestion and observed during in vitro protein hydrolysis. Some bioactive peptides offer antihypertensive advantages by inhibiting the angio-tensin-I converting enzyme (ACE). Sunflower protein hydrolysate is obtained through hydrolysis using pepsin and pancreatin. These peptides show different levels of ACE inhibitory effectiveness at different hydrolysis times.
Link Title
Anti-Diabetic
The formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) under hyperglycemic conditions is a significant pathogenic contributor to diabetes [72]. Recently, substantial research is exploring the anti-AGE activities of natural foods. The sunflower sprout offers a diverse offense against AGEs. At 1.0 mg/mL concentration of extract, the AGE inhibitory rate of H. annuus L. is 83.29% [72]. Natural antioxidants and antiglycatives are more effective in treating and preventing diabetes [73], by eliminating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce various biochemical pathways associated with diabetic complications. the sunflower sprout exhibits the most potent DPPH radical scavenging, iron-reducing, β-carotene oxidization inhibition compared to the
seed.
Antimicrobial
Nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) belong to a large family of plant proteins. Lipid transfer protein (LTP) has strong antimicrobial activity against a model fungus. It is reported that LTP from onion is highly active against a broad range of fungi [64]. Ha-AP10 is a 10 kDa basic polypeptide homologous to many plant LTPs, which indicates effective antimicrobial activity against a model fungus. In the sunflower seed, as with other seeds, Ha-AP10 displayed high antifungal
activity
#
Antioxidant
The antioxidant activity in the sunflower seedling is influenced by many factors. Antioxidant defenses may be affected by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation absorbed in sunflower cotyledons. The soluble antioxidant defense (reduced glutathione) and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione dehydrogenase and guaiacol peroxidase) increase to 32.0 nmol/g, 0.36 pmol/mg, 4.6, and 18.7 U/mg in sunflower cotyledons exposed to 15 kJ/ m2 UV-B, respectively [60]. Sunflower seeds exposed to saline demonstrated higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Sunflower leaves in saline conditions exhibit higher activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and CAT activity than the root, while glutathione-S-transferase (GST), POD activity and SOD activity increased in the root compared to the leaf under the same
conditions.
Special Consideration
Different Names
Link Title
Myths & Legends
The symbolic relationship between the sunflower and native elite culture including nobility, solar worship, and warfare, together with the provocative use as an aphrodisiac, suggest why the use of sunflower may have been deliberately suppressed after the Spaniards established hegemony. The Paradise Garden murals at the sixteenth century monastery of Malinalco provide such an indication. Malinalco had been an Aztec tributary center significant for its ties to the mythic history of Huitzilopochtli and as the place where Jaguar and Eagle warriors were inducted into military service. After the conquest, the Spaniards built the monastery to attract local people to the new order, and Spanish-trained native artisans painted a vision of paradise with indigenous plants and animals. Significantly, the sunflower is
absent.
Chemical Analyses
Link Title
Link Title
Link Title
Link Title
Impact of Collecting & Harvesting
#
Sunflower crop is often labelled as environmental-friendly for many objective reasons: limited amounts of N fertilizer, no irrigation, and limited use of pesticides. In addition, sunflower has a potential for providing multiple ecosystem services in diverse cropping
systems
Potential Use Not Found
Fumitory and Masticory
Insecticide & Herbicide
Textiles
used for dyes for textile industry but not for textiles
themselves
#
Difference Depending on Gender or Age
General Biology
Link Title
Link Title
The evolution of flower shape and symmetry is of great interest to plant biologists, because it can affect pollinator behavior. Species in the flowering plant family Asteraceae exhibit flower heads that can contain both bilaterally and radially symmetric
flowers.
References in APA:
A, D. (2014). A Review on Heliotropism Plant: Helianthus annuus L. The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 3(2), 149-155.
Adeleke, B. S., & Babalola, O. O. (2020). Oilseed crop sunflower ( helianthus annuus ) as a source of food: Nutritional and health benefits. Food Science & Nutrition, 8(9), 4666-4684. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1783
Al-Shukaili, N. B., & Hossain, M. A. (2019). Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of seeds and flowers crude extracts of sunflower. Grain & Oil Science and Technology, 2(4), 103-108. doi:10.1016/j.gaost.2019.11.001
#
Badouin, H. (2017). The sunflower genome provides insights into oil metabolism, flowering and Asterid evolution. Nature, 546, 148-161.
Bashir, T. (2015). Chemistry, pharmacology and ethnomedicinal uses of helianthus annuus (sunflower): A review. Pure and Applied Biology, 4(2), 226-235. doi:10.19045/bspab.2015.42011
#
Binici, H., Eken, M., Dolaz, M., Aksogan, O., & Kara, M. (2014). An environmentally friendly thermal insulation material from sunflower stalk, textile waste and stubble fibres. Construction and Building Materials, 51, 24-33. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.038
#
Chapman, M. A., Tang, S., Draeger, D., Nambeesan, S., Shaffer, H., Barb, J. G., . . . Burke, J. M. (2012). Genetic analysis of FLORAL symmetry in Van GOGH'S sunflowers REVEALS Independent recruitment OF cycloidea genes in the Asteraceae. PLoS Genetics, 8(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002628
#
Debaeke, P., Bedoussac, L., Bonnet, C., Bret-Mestries, E., Seassau, C., Gavaland, A., . . . Justes, E. (2017). Sunflower crop: Environmental-friendly and agroecological. OCL, 24(3). doi:10.1051/ocl/2017020
Fernández-Luqueño, F. (2014). AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SUNFLOWER CROP. Nova Science Publishers.
#
Gulya, T. (2004). Sunflower. Encyclopedia of Grain Science, 264-270. doi:10.1016/b0-12-765490-9/00168-3
Guo, S. (n.d.). A review of phytochemistry, metabolite changes, and medicinal uses of the common sunflower seed and sprouts (Helianthus annuus L.). Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5622016/pdf/13065_2017_Article_328.pdf
#
Lentz, D. L. (n.d.). Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a pre-Columbian domesticate in Mexico. Retrieved from
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/105/17/6232.full.pdf
#
M, S. A. (2016). The implications of sunflower seeds on plasma lipids profile and fatty acids profile-IL-6 correlation in laying hens. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(7), 192-199.
#
Mathias, J., Alzina, A., Grédiac, M., Michaud, P., Roux, P., De Baynast, H., . . . Wei, W. (2015). Upcycling sunflower stems as natural fibers for Biocomposite Applications. BioResources, 10(4). doi:10.15376/biores.10.4.8076-8088
#
Muhammad Anjum, F., Nadeem, M., Issa Khan, M., & Hussain, S. (2012). Nutritional and therapeutic potential of sunflower seeds: A review. British Food Journal, 114(4), 544-552. doi:10.1108/00070701211219559
#
Rieseberg, L. H., & Seiler, G. J. (1990). Molecular evidence and the origin and development of the Domesticated Sunflower (Helianthus annum, Asteraceae). Economic Botany, 44(S3), 79-91. doi:10.1007/bf02860477
#
Rowe, H. C., Ro, D., & Rieseberg, L. H. (2012). Response of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) leaf surface defenses to exogenous methyl jasmonate. PLoS ONE, 7(5). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037191
Stoia, M., & Oancea, S. (2015). Selected Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Topically Applied Sunflower Oil. Applied Science Reports, 10(1), 45-49.
#
Tan, A. S., & Kaya, Y. (2019). Sunflower (Helianthus ANNUUS L.) genetic Resources, production and researches in Turkey. OCL, 26, 21. doi:10.1051/ocl/2019004
Telofski, L. S., Morello, A. P., Mack Correa, M. C., & Stamatas, G. N. (2012). The infant skin barrier: Can we preserve, protect, and enhance the barrier? Dermatology Research and Practice, 2012, 1-18. doi:10.1155/2012/198789
#
Vázquez-Fresno, R., Rosana, A. R., Sajed, T., Onookome-Okome, T., Wishart, N. A., & Wishart, D. S. (2019). Herbs and spices- biomarkers of intake based on human intervention studies – a systematic review. Genes & Nutrition, 14(1). doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0636-8
#
Wills, D. M. (2006). Chloroplast DNA Variation confirms a single origin of Domesticated Sunflower (helianthus ANNUUS L.). Journal of Heredity, 97(4), 403-408. doi:10.1093/jhered/esl001
#
Link Title
Link Title
All cells contain a link to their resource
