EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
The Spanish hagsburg dynasty
The religious wars
In the 16th century
the Spanish Monarchy became the most powerful in Europe
Carlos V, or Carlos I of Spain, reigned from 1516 to 1556
His son Felipe II took over the throne from 1556 to 1598
Both monarchs belonged to the Habsburg dynasty
Pursued similar political objectives
To retain their territorial patrimony through numerous wars against other kingdoms
To defend Catholicism, they took measures to preserve religious unity both in their territories and the whole of Europe
Their domestic policy continued to be discriminatory
they waged religiously motivated wars against the Protestant states
Outside Spain
Economy and society in the 16th century
The port of Sevilla monopolised trade with the colonies through the Casa de Contratación
To protect the ships from pirate attacks
The economy prospered due to the riches obtained from the Americas
The arrival of precious metals on the Peninsula affected the Spanish Monarchy
The population increased and the cities grew
Felipe II organised a fleet system so the voyages
It enabled the kings to finance the numerous wars they were involved in throughout Europe
The arrival of metals enriched the nobility
The craft industry began to grow due to an increase in demand from the American territories
The monarchs were able to begin more expensive projects
The economy continued to be based on agriculture
Carlos V
The beginning of his reign
He was the king of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor
He did not speak Spanish
The Castilian nobility, who viewed the monarch as a foreigner
Castilla was experiencing an economic crisis and Carlos used the taxes collected to finance his appointment as Holy Roman Emperor
This provoked the Revolt of the Comuneros in 1520
the lower nobility and bourgeoisie in some cities rose up against the government
The king's representatives and the high nobility who supported him defeated the comuneros
At the Battle of Villalar
The bourgeoisie and peasants rose up against the nobility in Valencia and Mallorca
Revolt of the Brotherhoods
The agermanados
Were groups of humble citizens who had been allowed to arm themselves to defend their coastal cities against pirate attacks
The wars of Carlos V
Against the Ottoman Empire
Against the German Protestant princes
Against France
This kingdom was surrounded by Carlos V's territories
The French king was defeated at the Battle of Pavia
The sultan Suleiman the Magnificent began to expand his empire
Te attacked Vienna but the city resisted
The Turk Barbarossa controlled the Western Mediterranean from Algiers
The Emperor fought the Protestant princes in the Schmalkaldic War
Efeated them in Mülberg
