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Cardiovascular System Delina Montoya Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System Delina Montoya Period 3
Layers of the Heart
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Epicardium is the other outer layer that prevents expansion and movement of the heart
Myocardium is the middle layer that creates contractions driving the cardiac cycle
Endothelium is only one layer and it exchanges substance with the cells easily
Endocardium is the inner layer that lines cavities and valves
Anatomy of the Heart
Highly interconnected cells
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries venues and veins
Forms a closed circuit that carries blood away from the heart to the cells and back to the heart again
Four Chambers
-Right atrium
-Right ventricle
-Left atrium
-Left ventricle
Left and right atria are thin walled, collecting chambers
Left and Right ventricles are thick muscular pumping chambers
Major functions of the cardiovascular system
Atrioventricular Valves : Right= Tricuspid Left= Bicuspid/ Mitral
Semilunar Valve: Pulmonary= comes before lungs Aortic= comes before aorta
Sytemic circulation- Delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste
Pulmonary Circulation- Eliminates carbon dioxide and oxygenates blood
Blood flow through the heart and body
The heart has 2 separate pumps and circuits
The right atrium and ventricle send blood to the lung = pulmonary circulation
Eliminates Co2 and oxygenates blood
The left atrium and ventricle sends blood to the body or system= systemic circulation
-delivers blood to all body cells and carries away waste
Cardiac Cycle and the ECG
A complete heartbeat is called a cardiac cycle ;each cycle is subdivided into systole and diastole
ECG: electrocardiogram
Normal ECG's have 3 deflections of waves; Pwave, QRS complex, and the T waves
P Waves: associated with depolarization of the atria
QRS complex: associated with depolarization of the ventricle and depolarization of the atria
T Wave: associated with depolarization of the ventricles
Structural and functional differences between blood vessel types(arteries, veins, capillaries)
Capillaries: smalled amount of blood wessels and sites of change between blood and tissue
1 cell thick & gas exchange between
Arteries: usually carries blood away from heart
adapted for carrying high-pressure blood
becomes small when divided and rise to arterioles
thickest layer; carry high blood pressure
Aterioles; "small arteries"
found between arteries and capillaries
walls of arterioles get thinner as they approach the capillaries
Disorders of the cardiovascular system
Stenosis :stiffening of the heart
Haemophilia: blood can not clot properly
Sickel cell: occurs when the blood cell is in a sickle form
Heart murmur: valves dont close completeley , blood swishes back and forth
Endocardits: bacterial infection of the endocardium