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Ch:25 Population and Ecosystem - Coggle Diagram
Ch:25 Population and Ecosystem
Population
group of individuals with same species
community
all the populations existing together.
Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats
Set of conditions where organisms completes their life cycle.
habitat affecting the plant constitution is operational habitat.
two types of habitat components
Abiotic Components
Climate: higher chance of survival if organisms can adapt to the climate of that region.
Soil Factors: plants growth is dependent on the nutrients available in soil.
Pioneers: first plant to invade new soil.
A horizon: uppermost; zone of leaching
B horizon: zone of deposition; nutrient rich and has clay and humus
C horizon: has parent rock and rock fragments
Latitude and Altitude: High latitude has slow soil formation and fluctuation of temperature.
Disturbance: Phenomena which brings sudden and radical change in ecosystem. For Eg: landslide, fire, earthquake
Biotic components
Plant: can change the habitat by being the part of it which is very beneficial, neutral or detrimental.
Other plant species:several individuals interacting with each other.
Mutualism
integration is beneficial for both organisms. For Ex: ants and acacias
competition
interaction is disadvantageous for both organisms
competitive exclusion: less adapted species is excluded.
Organisms Other than Plants
Frugivores: fruit eating animals.
animals, fungi and prokaryotes are important biotic aspects.
Structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
the ability of plant species to spread throughout a geographic areas a result of adaptation to the biotic and abiotic components.
Local Geographic Distribution
small scale local distribution of the individuals with respect to each other
Random Distribution: lack of obvious, identifiable patterns to the position of individuals.
Types of local distributions
Clumped Distributions
spacing between individuals are either small or large but rarely average
Uniform Distributions
all individuals are evenly spaced out. For ex: orchards or tree plantation
Age Distribution
the manner in which a population responds to various factors in its habitat is affected by age distribution.
generation time and intrinsic rate of natural increase affects the rate of population growth.
R and k selection
K-selection: fluctuation of population at or near the carrying capacity bring the K-condition.
R-selection: produced by disturbance. For Ex: coastal duane,
Baileya Radiata
The structure of Ecosystem
Physiognomic Structure
The physical size and shape of the organisms and their distribution in relation to eachother.
Temporal Structure
The changes that an ecosystem undergoes with time.
Species Composition
number and diversity od species that coexist in an ecosystem.
Trophic Levels
Feeding levels
Photosynthesis is the dominant method.
Energy flow and carbon fixation
