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MAN-MADE STRUCTURES - Coggle Diagram
MAN-MADE STRUCTURES
PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES
Light
Easy to transport
Set up
Dismantle
We use them in constructions like
funfair attractions
field hospital
Compressed air inside the.
When they expand, they stretch the outer plastic surface.
stay uprightt
VAULTED STRUCTURES
Arches and vaults
cover larges spaces and have bigger gaps.
are formed by arches and vaults using stones that are cut
only stress they support is compression.
Romans used round arches to build btidges and aqueducts
barrel vaults and domes to cover basilicas and pantheons.
Pointed arches and ribbed vaults were used in mosques and cathedrals.
REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
concrete led to major advances in construction
resists compression and with steel rebar frameworks it can also bear traction
slabs
small beams called joists
material in between them
slabs transfer your weight to the beams and then to the columns.
columns
don't sit directly on the ground, they would be sink.
foundations
spread out the weight of the building and its loads
can be used to build
bridge piers
huge arches
plates
roofs
pillar
beams
MASSIVE STRUCTURES AND LINTELS
man-made structures were carved from rock or were built by stacking rocks
little space between them
wooden lintels or short stone
to make windows and open spaces
SPATIAL AND GEODESIC STRUCTURES
Three-dimensional structures of bars
the properties of vaults with triangulated structures
create curved shapes and cover large spaces.
Linear bars and nodes.
Triangles and tetrahedrons.
these shapes cannot be easily deformed.
TRIANGULAR STRUCTURES
Bars- metal or wooden
Tringular shapes
not easily deformed
Good for building bridges
covered with large trusses and verticalstructures.
LAMINATED STRUCTURES
Laminates of metal, plastic or composite material
reinforced concrete
cruved shape and folds
strength.
CURVED SHAPE
makes the laminates bear the stress of traction and compression on their surface.
FOLDS AND RIBS
rigidity in exact points
SUSPENDED STRUCTURES
cables, suspenders
tension members
cables only bear traction stress
adapt their shape to different loads at different times
incredibly light
cables are used to
antennas
marquees
towers
fasten bridges
can cover large spaces
stadiums
pavilions