Pharm: treatment is focused on reducing preload and afterload, improving contractility, and improving perfusion to myocardium/decreasing O2 demands of the heart. This is done by administration nitroglycerine (decreased O2 demand, increased myocardial perfusion, decreased pre/afterload), nitroprusside (decreased pre/afterload), positive Inotropic drugs such as milrinone (increased contractility, decreased preload, increased perfusion) diuretics if fluid overload/pulmonary edema are present, O2. Many of the drugs used have to be cautiously used there is a risk of worsening hypotension and rebound tachycardias