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Nucleic Acids - Coggle Diagram
Nucleic Acids
Key terms
Potential energy
A form of energy that has potential for a reaction, though at present is in a stored form.
Food system
Heterotrophs
an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
Autotrophs
are organisms that can produce their own food, using materials from inorganic sources.
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cAMP
is a common second messenger that is regulated by the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and mediates numerous biological responses.
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Ribose
also called D-ribose, five-carbon sugar found in RNA (ribonucleic acid), where it alternates with phosphate groups to form the “backbone” of the RNA polymer and binds to nitrogenous bases.
Examples
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid
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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
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Enzyme
FAD
is a redox-active coenzyme associated with various proteins, which is involved with several enzymatic reactions in metabolism.
NADP+
is a coenzyme that functions as a universal electron carrier, accepting electrons and hydrogen atoms to form NADPH, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
NAD+
is a molecule formed from vitamin B3 and ATP that acts as a carrier molecule for electrons and hydrogen. ... NAD+ accepts electrons and hydrogen during the processes of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle as well as the breakdown of fatty acids.
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Properties.
long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogen-containing aromatic base attached to a pentose (five-carbon) sugar, which is in turn attached to a phosphate group.
Linkage
Phosphodiester bond
A bond between a sugar group and a phosphate group; such bonds form the sugar-phosphate-sugar backbone of DNA and RNA. A
Definition
A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain
Monomer
All nucleic acids are made up of the same building blocks (monomers). Chemists call the monomers "nucleotides." The five pieces are uracil, cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine.
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