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THE ROARING TWENTIES ! - Coggle Diagram
THE ROARING TWENTIES !
Mass Consumption
:explode:
Automobile
Henry Ford
American Industrialist - Founder of Ford Motor Company
Increased the automobile industry
Ford Roadster - economical & for family/individuals
1920: ~ 8 million passsanger vehicles
End of decade - 23 million cars (huge increase!)
Advertising
response to need of public consumption
1922: first radio advertisement in NY City Station (radio)
Buying on Credit
"Posses today and pay tomorrow"
created more debt due to the increase of consumption (ex radios, cars, vacuums)
economy = vulnerable to credit structure
Sports
became big business; athletes took place with celebrities
"Babe" Ruth → baseball; Yankees Jack Dempsey → boxing
million dollars of tickets sold
Effects of Automobile Generation
:blue_car:
New Industries (Steel, rubber, etc)
assembly line production methods (
Fordism
)
Created new industry dependent on steel
Roads
often paid by taxes from gasoline
built to keep up with demand of traveling with automobiles
Oil
hundreds of oil derricks placed in Ca, Tx, Ok
also created competition with railraods
Suburbs & Schools
merging schools in rural areas; easier access to school
suburbs spread out as the US became nation of commerce
Entertainment
:movie_camera:
Movies
Hollywood - movie capital of the world
created movie "stars" (more $ than president)
formed rigorous course of censorship
also used for propaganda measures (against Germany)
First talking motion picture,
The Jazz Singer
→ but had blackface
Radio
advertising commercials = made radios vehicle for US free enterprise
became household essential as it Brough family & nation together
long-distance broadcasting made possible
music/political speeches/gossip into countless homes
Music (Jazz) - Harlem Renaissance
celebrated black excellence/creative expression & argued for equal rights
black cultural renaissance that begun in Harlem, NY
founders of jazz: Handy Morton, Louis Armstrong, King Oliver
Flight
:small_airplane:
Wright Brothers
1903 - flew first engine powered plane
opened schools to train future pilots
Lindbergh
1927 - 1st solo west-to-east conquest of Atlantic (New York to Paris)
single-engine plane,
Spirit of St. Louis
became acclaimed celebrity
Impact upon Civilization
created more American spirit
high rates of accidents
setback for railroads
provided new weapon for war (good or bad ??)
Education
:books:
John Dewey
"learning by doing" with application of knowledge to solve real-life problems
goal of teacher → "education for life"
Scopes Trial
state court ratified these laws → victory for Fundamentalists (emphasis on reading of the Bible)
John T. Scopes (Biology teacher) accused of teaching evolution in Tennessee
In South many believed that Darwinian evolution destroyed faith in God/Bible → made into state laws
Sigmund Freud
introduced new theory → explained the emotional nature of our unconscious motivations
contribution to physchology
1920s Society
:silhouettes:
Flappers
once modest maidens → now in bobbled tresses & dresses (more "provocative")
symbolized yearn for independence (adventure)
first generation of independent American women
Sigmund Freud
justified this new sexual frankness; sexual repression = nervous/emotional ills
pleasure/health → demanded sexual gratification/libertation
Stock Market
buying stocks "on margin" → small down payment
weren't prepared for Wall Street Crash of 1929
Opportunities for Women
more employment in cities in retail clerking & office jobs ("women jobs")
Margaret Sanger - birth-control movement
