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3.COMMUNICATION PROCESS, Distinction btw "usage" & "…
3.COMMUNICATION PROCESS
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1. COMMUNICATION PROCESS
1.1 Communication means
Visual mode
Primary way:ling use in sign languages and also writing-based codes such as: traffic signs, semaphores, Morse Code
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Auditory-vocal channel
Speech: primary manifestation of language BUT non-ling uses of the vocal tract are also possible: psychological reflexes (coughing, snoring)
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Communication Process
Exchange and negotiation of info btw at least 2 individuals through the use of verbal/non-v, oral/written, production/comprehension processes
- Social interaction
- Always has a purpose
- High degree of unpredictability
- Involves verbal/non-v language (Kinesics & Proxemics)
2. FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE
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2.2 Bühler
Standpoint of the Individual:
- Expressive lang: towards the self
- Conative lang: towards the addressee
- Representational lang: towards the rest of the reality
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2.4 Halliday's model
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Textual
Instrument of communication to form text, whether spoken or written
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3. LANGUAGE IN USE
Usage vs Use
- Usage: Knowledge of the language
- Use: We show this knowledge by engaging in meaningful communication behaviour
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Distinction btw "usage" & "use" is related to Saussure's distinction btw "langue" & "parole" and Chomsky's "competence" & "performance
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