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Television in Transition, Is the cultural status of TV changing?, Media is…

- - - - Diminshes the power as citizens because we can't fully engage to the politcal debate
  - - - and emotions play a role in both
    - - Representation of politics on television, with a combination of entertainment can encourage political activity
  - - - Development of collective identity and the formation and mobilization of publics
- - - - Technology is taking over
      - There need to be some kind of copyright to protect creative work
  - - - Creator of Creative Commons who stimulates reasonable copyright law where you don't copy the whole thing but can add to it
  - - - File-sharing > content spread to the internet
        
        Not accessible for everyone
        
        Stimulates connecting different cultures and groups of people
      - From public to private TV
- - - - No television of ''sharedness'' anymore
      - ''niche'' broadcasting instead of over-the-air broadcasting
        
        does broadcasting still have power?
      - collapse of public regulation
      - changes in content (more differentiated)
      - The centers that were created by national broadcasters are being threatened by the local and the global (Dayan)
        
        Undermining the shared bases of democracy and culture
        
        Less control of hegemonic ruling class
    - - Phases of TV: tv of scarcity, tv of plenty, tv of infinity (John Ellis 2000). Now in the phase of infinity
        
        Now (in the digital Era): individual experience instead of collective experience
      - New Forms: Netflix, HBO, Youtube, streaming services like NPO, Ziggo Go
- - - - Transmedia extensions
    - - Active audience
        
        Audience agency
        
        Andrejevic
        
        Audience participation (two views)
        
        Feedback to producers for improvement
        
        Could be seen as exploitation
        
        Free labor
        
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        Making show interesting for themselves/communication with fans
        
        Power to the audience
        
        Vidding (Coppa and Tushnet)
        
        Limited power because of copyright
        
        = telling a new story or making an argument by fans, based on original content
        
        Hardy: agency needs to be examined in context of the ones who manage the narrative brands
        
        Jenkins: audiences have very important role
        
        Rose: Active citizen > shaping own life through interactions with TV shows
  - - - Culturalist
        
        Communicate with other fans, self-expression, new forms of participation
        
        Jenkins
      - Critical political economist
        
        Corporate's aim to maximize profits by exploiting fans
        
        Meehan, Proffitt, Couldry
      - Distincion between two categories is blurring
        
        Do research between corporate and non-corporate texts
  - - - Critical utopian
        
        Critical pessimist
        
        Focus on the obstacles for achieving a democratic society > disempowerment audience
        
        Mark Crispin Miller, Noam Chomsky and Robert McChesney
        
        Identify possibilities to a better society
        
        Empowerment to audience
        
        Pierre Levy ''realizable utopia''
        
        Community can create creative intelligence
- - - - Many cultural norms and values are grounded in the country itself
        
        Localization process driven by facors beyond producers control
- - - - Counterargument against Jenkins