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Expression systems in bioprocess, Expression systems are genetic…

- - - - Functional recombinant proteins with industrial or medical applications
    - - High yield. High productivity. Chemically defined media. Product processing similar to mammalian cells. Stable production strains. Durability. Lower protein production cost.
    - - Lack of a strong and strictly regulated promoter.
        The secretion efficiency is low, especially for target protein molecules with a molecular mass greater than 30KD are hardly secreted.
        Not suitable for high density cultivation.
    - - Continuous rotary drum bioreactor, packed-beds bioreactor, upflow fixed bed bioreactor.
    - - They are single celled fungi.
        Size: generally larger than most bacteria; (1-5) um wide and (5-30)um length.
        Shape: cell is egg shaped, some are elongated or spherical.
        Size and shape varies among species, lacks flagella and other organ of locomotion.
    - - Most common:
        Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris,
        Hansenula polymorpha, Yarrowia lipolytica, Arxula adeninivorans, Kluyveromyces lactis, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
        Nonconventional
        Schwannimyces occidentalis, Pichia guilliermondii, Hansenula polymorpha
- - - - Chemical and pharmaceutical industries, including oils, polysaccharides, pigments and pharmacological products.
    - - Combining high growth rate, ease of cultivation and the ability to perform post-transcriptional and translational modifications of foreign proteins. The cost of production is low and the total process is scalable.
    - - Harvesting of dilute cultures. CO2 requirements. Species control problems in open ponds.
    - - Operation mode BATCH, FED BATCH, Continuous ES TYPES Tubular
    - - Spherical microscopic cell with 2-10 μm diameter and has many structural elements similar to plants.
    - - Most common: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella salina, 2 marine green algae, and the colorless algae Schizochytrium sp, Nonconventional Scenedesmus obliquus, Nitzschia sp* etc.
- - - - Medium evaporation must be taken into account for hyperthermophilic cultures, fermenters must be resistant to corrosion by the media required for growth of alkaliphiles, acidophiles and, particularly, halophiles.
  - - - Pyrococcus furiosus. Grown on Chemostat (batch like) starch based medium. Production of exopolysaccharides
    - - Sulfolobus solfataricus MT4 grown at 87 °C in a 100-l fermenter on whey supplied directly from dairy farms yielded 80 g of dry biomass per mole of lactose
      - Aeropyrum pernix