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Cardiovascular System Phuong Phan Period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular System
Phuong Phan
Period 5
Major Functions
carries oxygen to other parts of the body(tissues) when they need it through red blood cells
carry gas, nutrients, wastes around the body
helps with blood clots&blood flow
Regulates body temperature
Heart
Anatomy
4 Chambers
Receiving Chambers
Right Atrium
gets deoxygenated blood from the body
3 veins empties
to this chamber
Superior
Vena Cava
carries blood from head, neck, arms, chest
Inferior
Vena Cava
carries from lower body(legs)
Coronary Sinus
blood from coronary veins
had auricles(increases blood volume)
Atrioventricular Valves
flaps that prevent backflow into atrium
Tricuspid Valve
3 cusps
between right atrium and right ventricle
prevents backflow into right atrium
Chordae tendinae
anchors AV valves and hold them
Papillary Muscles
Anchors chordae tendinae
prevents flaps from going back to atrium
heartstrings
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated blood
Pulmonary
Veins empty into this
Left Pulmonary veins
carries oxygenated blood
from left lung
Right
Pulmonary Veins
Carries oxygenated from
right side of lungs
Atrioventricular valve
Mitral/Biscuspid Valve
2 cusps
prevent backflow
of blood into left atrium
Pumping
Chambers
Right ventricles
receives blood from the right atrium
pumps blood into pulmonary arteries
Pumps blood to lungs to exchange gas
Semilunar valves:
prevents backflow of
blood from arteries to ventricles
2 kinds
Pulmonary semilunar valve for right ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve: left ventricle to arteries
Left Ventricles
Receives oxygenated blood from left atrium
pumps blood to aorta
Goes through aortic semilunar valve to get to aorta artery
Layers of Heart
Myocardium
Thickest middle layer
looks like a spiral bundle
it's the layer that separates
the left and right chambers
Endocardium
Innermost layer
lines heart chambers
Epicardium
outermost layer of heart
also called visceral layer
Blood Flow
Right ventricle
pumps blood to pulmonary artery
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Tricuspid Valve
valves opens and allows blood to go down right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary artery
Right Atrium
Superior/inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
blood is carried by these veins into the right atrium
8.Lungs
Pulmonary
veins
Carries oxygenated
blood to the left atrium
Left Atrium
Bicuspid/mitral valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar valve
Aorta
systemic ciruit
Pulmonary Circulation
loops that run heart to lungs
and back to heart ONLY
Systemic Circulation
Loops that runs from heart
to ALL parts of body
and back to heart
Intrinsic
Conduction
System
Coordinates heartbeat
coordinates
depolarization/contraction
of the heart
Sequence of
excitation
Sinoatrial node
pacemaker of right atrium
impulse spread to AV node
AV Node
(atrioventricular)
receives signals from SA node
pass them on to the AV bundle
AV Bundle
(Bundle of His)
left and right branches
conducts impulses to apex
4.Purkinje Fibers
passed signals to ventricular myocardium
and ventricular walls
Electrocardiogram
Monitor heart activity
Main parts:
T- Wave
Ventricular repolarization(relax ventricles)
P-R interval
time of atrial excitation to ventricular excitation
QRS complex
Ventricular depolarization&Atrial repolarization
S-T interval
when myocardium is depolarized
P-Wave
Atrium depolarization aka contracting
Q-T interval
beginning of ventricular depolarization to its repolarization
Blood Vessels
delivery system for blood circulation
Capillaries
contact with tissue cells
serve needs for them
Capillaries Bed
connect veins/arteries
allows diffusion of gas, wastes,nutrients
Veins
carries blood towards heart
(deoxygenated except pulmonary circuit)
deep and superficial
thinner walls and large lumen
has valves
Arteries
carries blood away from heart
oxygenated except for pulmonary circuit
deep, thicker walls
no valves
Structures of
Blood Vessels
3 layers(walls)Arteries and Veins
Tunica externa
outermost
loose collagen fibers
protect/reinforce/anchor wall
Tunice media
middle layer that are smooth muscles and elastin sheets(bulky)
Vasoconstriction
increase lumen diameter
Vasodilation
Decrease lumen diameter
Tunica intima
innermost layer
reduces friction
consists of endothelium(simple squamous CT) that lines lumen
subendothelial layer or basement membrane
Capillaries
Structure
only one layer
tunica intima
no valves
one cell thin
thin lumen
Cardiac Cycle
blood flow of heart in one heartbeat
Systole
heart contraction
top number of blood pressure
Diastole
heart relaxation
bottom number
venous flow into right atrium then goes into right ventricle
Blood is sent to the lungs via pulmonary artery
Blood exchange gases, and returns to left atrium via pulmonary veins
Blood goes to left ventricle with mitral valves opening
Blood goes to aorta and gets distributed throughout the body
Heart Disorders
Congestive
Heart Failure
vessels doesn't circulate blood efficiently, so inadequate
Hypertension
blood pressure is too high for artery walls
Hypovolemic shock
huge blood loss
Myocardial infarctions
coronary blockage
blood flow are blocked to the heart