Cardiovascular System
Phuong Phan
Period 5
Major Functions
- carries oxygen to other parts of the body(tissues) when they need it through red blood cells
- carry gas, nutrients, wastes around the body
- helps with blood clots&blood flow
Regulates body temperature
Heart
Anatomy
4 Chambers
Receiving Chambers
Pumping
Chambers
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
- gets deoxygenated blood from the body
3 veins empties
to this chamber
Superior
Vena Cava
Inferior
Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
carries blood from head, neck, arms, chest
carries from lower body(legs)
blood from coronary veins
had auricles(increases blood volume)
Receives oxygenated blood
Pulmonary
Veins empty into this
Left Pulmonary veins
Right
Pulmonary Veins
carries oxygenated blood
from left lung
Carries oxygenated from
right side of lungs
Right ventricles
receives blood from the right atrium
pumps blood into pulmonary arteries
Pumps blood to lungs to exchange gas
Atrioventricular Valves
flaps that prevent backflow into atrium
Tricuspid Valve
3 cusps
between right atrium and right ventricle
prevents backflow into right atrium
Semilunar valves:
Atrioventricular valve
Mitral/Biscuspid Valve
2 cusps
prevent backflow
of blood into left atrium
prevents backflow of
blood from arteries to ventricles
2 kinds
Pulmonary semilunar valve for right ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve: left ventricle to arteries
Left Ventricles
Receives oxygenated blood from left atrium
pumps blood to aorta
Chordae tendinae
anchors AV valves and hold them
Papillary Muscles
Anchors chordae tendinae
prevents flaps from going back to atrium
heartstrings
Goes through aortic semilunar valve to get to aorta artery
Layers of Heart
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
outermost layer of heart
also called visceral layer
Thickest middle layer
looks like a spiral bundle
it's the layer that separates
the left and right chambers
Innermost layer
lines heart chambers
Blood Flow
Intrinsic
Conduction
System
Coordinates heartbeat
coordinates
depolarization/contraction
of the heart
Sequence of
excitation
- Sinoatrial node
- AV Node
(atrioventricular)
pacemaker of right atrium
impulse spread to AV node
receives signals from SA node
pass them on to the AV bundle
- AV Bundle
(Bundle of His)
- left and right branches
conducts impulses to apex
4.Purkinje Fibers
passed signals to ventricular myocardium
and ventricular walls
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
- Tricuspid Valve
- Pulmonary trunk
- Pulmonary artery
- Right Atrium
Superior/inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
8.Lungs
blood is carried by these veins into the right atrium
- Pulmonary
veins
- Left Atrium
- Bicuspid/mitral valve
- Left Ventricle
- Aortic Semilunar valve
- Aorta
- systemic ciruit
Carries oxygenated
blood to the left atrium
Electrocardiogram
Monitor heart activity
Main parts:
T- Wave
P-R interval
QRS complex
S-T interval
P-Wave
Q-T interval
Atrium depolarization aka contracting
Ventricular depolarization&Atrial repolarization
Ventricular repolarization(relax ventricles)
time of atrial excitation to ventricular excitation
when myocardium is depolarized
beginning of ventricular depolarization to its repolarization
Blood Vessels
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
loops that run heart to lungs
and back to heart ONLY
Loops that runs from heart
to ALL parts of body
and back to heart
valves opens and allows blood to go down right ventricle
pumps blood to pulmonary artery
delivery system for blood circulation
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
carries blood away from heart
oxygenated except for pulmonary circuit
carries blood towards heart
(deoxygenated except pulmonary circuit)
deep, thicker walls
deep and superficial
contact with tissue cells
serve needs for them
Structures of
Blood Vessels
3 layers(walls)Arteries and Veins
Tunica externa
Tunice media
Tunica intima
innermost layer
reduces friction
consists of endothelium(simple squamous CT) that lines lumen
subendothelial layer or basement membrane
middle layer that are smooth muscles and elastin sheets(bulky)
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
increase lumen diameter
Decrease lumen diameter
outermost
loose collagen fibers
protect/reinforce/anchor wall
thinner walls and large lumen
Capillaries
Structure
only one layer
tunica intima
Capillaries Bed
connect veins/arteries
has valves
no valves
allows diffusion of gas, wastes,nutrients
no valves
one cell thin
thin lumen
Cardiac Cycle
blood flow of heart in one heartbeat
Systole
Diastole
heart contraction
heart relaxation
venous flow into right atrium then goes into right ventricle
Blood is sent to the lungs via pulmonary artery
Blood exchange gases, and returns to left atrium via pulmonary veins
Blood goes to left ventricle with mitral valves opening
Blood goes to aorta and gets distributed throughout the body
Heart Disorders
Congestive
Heart Failure
Hypertension
Hypovolemic shock
huge blood loss
vessels doesn't circulate blood efficiently, so inadequate
blood pressure is too high for artery walls
top number of blood pressure
bottom number
Myocardial infarctions
coronary blockage
blood flow are blocked to the heart