diagnosing mental health disorders
4 Ds
deviance- behaviors and beliefs that are deemed unacceptable by society
dysfunction- abnormal behaviour that prevents you from completing everyday tasks in life.
danger- wen their behaviour harms themselves or others
distress- negative feelings of stress, saadness, anxiety..
EVALUATING DIAGNOSIS
4Ds- many people engage in behaviour that is deemed dangerous however do not have a MHC- bungee jumping, smoking...
DSM and ICD are contantly being reviewed and updated to improve the validity
68% agreement across ICD and DSM
Rosenhan- sane people in insane places
self-fulfulling prophecy
Sputzer & Fleiss carried out a meta-analysis of 6 studies and concluded there were significant differences between how clinicians diagnosed disorders.
cultural differences- common beleif in spirits in asia- but this could be a SZ symptom in western culture
DSM-5
ICD-10
section 1- how to use, section 2- categories conditions based on similar causes and symptoms. section 3- suggestions for new disorders
gather information through observation and interview- 21 questions with 4 possible responses- creating a "best fit" diagnosis for individual
validity of DSM
Descriptive validity- when 2 or more people with same diagnosis show similar symptoms
concurrent validity- using more than one method to diagnose same condition- found 68% agreement among icd and dsm
weaknesses
medicalises people, deindividualises people- treating them only as patients that need medicine, can also cause self fulfulling prophecy
strengths
allows common diagnosis for clinicians
reliability of DSM
needs to be high otherwise there would be differences between prescriptions causing unwanted side affects
needs interrater and test re test reliability
some patients may not reveal certain symptoms due to shame, denial or memory issues
does not suit people with multiple conditions
categorises MHD into similar symtoms and treatments
weaknesses
breaking mental health into features seen as reductionist