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Neonatal Calf Diarrhea, "Calf Scours" - Coggle Diagram
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea, "Calf Scours"
general
major source of morbidity and mortality in dairy and beef
considered
infectious and contagious
causes
viral
rotavirus
most common in North America
affects calves 3d-3w old
:forbidden: adults
invades and destroys villous epithelial cells in SI
villous atrophy
diarrhea
malabsorption/maldigestion
coronavirus
affects calves 3d - 3w old
affects
SI villous and crypt epithelial cells
colon
villous atrophy and maldigest/malabsorption
more severe and longlasting than rotavirus
GI takes longer to heal
BVD
bacteria
enterotoxigenic
E. coli* (ETEC)
affects neonates < 3d
fimbrial Ags facilitate adhesions
enterotoxins trigger hypersecretory diarrhea
e-s and water lost
Salmonella
spp
common cause of diarrhea in all ages
common cause of
septicemia
in calves
ZOONOTIC
CS
fever
enteritis
endotoxemia
Clostridium perf C
necrotic enteritis in newborn calves
rapid onset
calves may die of shock before diarrhea is noted
treatment
fluids
abx
anti-toxin
high mortality rate
protozoal
Crytosporidium parvum
affects calves 3d - 4w old
attacks epithelial cells in SI and LI
ZOONOTIC
bolded
cause 85-90% of cases
cannot distinguish causes based on CS
diagnostics
fecal
ELISA
ETEC
rotavirus
coronavirus
Clostridium
PCR
ETEC
rotavirus
coronavirus
crypto
salmonella
culture
Salmonella
Clostridium
Giemsa smear
Ccrypto
EM
IFA
ETEC
crypto
tests vary, consult your d-lab
PE
:boxing_glove: wear gloves :boxing_glove: goddamnit
assess
hydration status
eyeball sinking is most useful
eyes sunk >4mm into orbit = IV fluid asap
skin tenting on neck
6s = IV fluids asap
circulatory fxn
estimate base deficit
determine whether localized or generalized
concurrent disease? FPT?
determine if metabolic acidosis
high risk in calves w/ diarrhea
CS
marked depression
weakness
loss of suckle reflex
can suckle, standing, base deficit 0-5mmol/L
difficult suckle, weakness standing: 5-10mmol/L deficit
sternal recumbency: 1015mmol/L
lateral recumbency: base deficit 20-30mmol/L or worse
treatment
:warning: isolate affected calves
symptomatic care
fluxinin + fluid bolus
abx sometimes
nutritional support
supportive care
oral or intravenous fluids
correct acidosis and e-
nurse care
clean their adorable butt
keep warm
unfinished