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Oxygenation: ARDS - Coggle Diagram
Oxygenation: ARDS
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Treatment
the underlying cause must be discovered and treated to resolve ARDS, if infection antibiotics ect.
Oxygenation: patients are often intubated and sedated with high fiO2 delivered via ventilator. Prone position and a high PEEP are often used w/ ARDS.
Other supportive measures are often used such as enteral nutrition (if possible), corticosteroids in the early phase, heparin or other blood thinners to prevent DVT/addition thrombi, prophylactic acid reducers (like omeprazole) to reduce stress ulcers
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Injury to lung tissue occurs through several different means, regardless of initiating event inflammatory mediators are released resulting in a massive neutrophil accumulation in the lung's microcirculation and alveolar sacs. Once there the neutrophils release a variety of substance and cytokines that result in increased permeability of the alveolar. This results in alveolar type 1 and 2 cell death resulting in a loss of surfactant. Put together this causes pulmonary edema, alveolar collapse and hyaline membrane formation. As a result of the damage fibroblasts deposit collagen leading to fibrosis of the lung tissues. The increased fibrosis coupled with the pulmonary edema and alveolar damage results in progressive stiffening of the lung tissue. All told ventilation and gas exchange are severely hampered resulting in the hypoxemia refractory to O2 administration seen in ARDS.