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Pressure Groups - Coggle Diagram

- - - - financing of political parties, and
      - sponsoring their close candidates at the time of elections
      - maintaining relations with the bureaucracy
    - - exploitation of caste, creed and religious feelings to promote their interests.
- - - - short term vision
      - Don't need cadres - just middleman, liaison officer, hidden persuader
      - Each party is pressurized by them
      - temporary
    - - permanent/stable
      - ideology, common values and preferences
      - long term vision/aim
      - have cadres
  - - - do lobbying and many other things
      - eg - funding elections, sponsoring candidate
      - exploit caste, religion, region
- - - - Institutional
        
        IAS Association , IPS Association
      - Non -Association
        
        Kinship, lineage, ethnic, linguistic, caste, religious groups
      - Anomic
        
        sometimes unlawful
        
        riots, processions
        
        candlelight
        
        street corner meeting
        
        Ind representation
      - Association
        
        FICCI, NASSCOM
        
        NSUI, Teachers association
        
        limited goal
    - - concerned to protect interests of their members
      - groups that represents particular section of the society - workers, employers, women
      - aka sectional groups
  - - - NSUI, ABVP
      - not confined to edu
      - Political affiliation
    - - Bajrang Dal
      - Christian Conference
    - - FICCI Ladies ORg -
      - Gulabi Gang - domestic abuse, anti liquor
    - - even before independence
      - most organized, most influential, free from political parties
      - CII, FICCI, less vocal but 'surgical'
      - International backing
    - - even before independence
      - want - higher wages, shorter hours, better living conditions
      - Vocal political support yes
      - want govt intervention to get that from industry
      - AITUC- communists
      - Hind Mazdoor Parishad BJP
      - issues
        
        very vocal, militant strikes
        
        limited international backing
        
        focus on strikes, election work rather than ind worker's welfare/social security
        
        internal split, external pressure high, controlled by outsiders
- - - - finance election as have money-- Corruption
      - block vital reforms - Tobacco ban
      - eg tobacco lobby of India
        
        every hour 112 people die in India
        
        against higher taxes
        
        against pictorial warning in Cigarattes and other tobacco products Act 2003
      - Golden Gang Maharashtra
        
        coterie of politicians and buraucrats
        
        Identify projects awaiting various permissions
        
        raise issues in Thane Municipal Corporations meetings
        
        insist that the admin send stop work notices
        
        then wait for payoffs from builders
        
        6k Cr projects in Thane - 25% stuck
        
        builder committted suicide
    - - IAS typically promoted 2 yr earlier and get 2 more increments and get early empaneld in central ministry posts than other IFoS/IPS
      - 7th pay comm- ALl India Services to be given = pay parity, manning of posts based on "Subject critieria" instead of "Generalists"
      - IAS Association starts letter campaign - DoPT since other services not catering large mass (IRS-IT only 4%) unlike IAS
      - dignity and self respect of service declining with such letter writing campaigns