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Hardware and operating systems, titule, windowsoperatingsystem, linuxopert…
Hardware and operating systems
Computer language and fuction: computers only use the binary system, they just use the 1 and 0
Computer functions: we use the name hardware for the physical components of the computer sytem. Software or programs refers to the data and the instructions we use to manage the data. Computer carry out four different functions
Input
of data using peripheral devices
Output
of data using peripheral devices
Storing
of data using peripheral devices
Processing
data in the CPU, using the microprocessor and the memory
ASCII: we give a code to each of the letters of the alphabet
Computer elements
Microprocessor: is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transistors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory.
Memory and units of storage
RAM. its means random access memory. When we run an application, its instructions are copied to this memory sothat the microprocessor can use them
Cache memory: the cache memory stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often
ROM BIOS: it automatically checks the system when you turn on the computer
Storage devices. we use it to save permantly this data. You can use
Magnetic disk
Optical disk
Solid state memory (flash)
Motherboard and connecting devices. all the other components of the computer are connected to it
Connecting extrenal devices
We can physically connect devices to the computer in different ways
Using an expansion slot on the motherboard
By special connectors on the motherboard
Using the external ports on the side, or back of the computer
Software and operating systems: there're various types of software
Operating system: manages the system resources, making them available for use by the user and applications. Functions
Manages the microprocessor
Manages the memory and storage systems
Provides an interface or working environment
Allows comunication between applications and peripheral devices
Applications: various types
Word processors: Word, Writer
Spreadsheets: Excel, Calc
Presentations: PowerPoint, Impress
Data base management tools: Access, Base
Drawing programs. Paint, Paint Shop Pro, Draw
Antivirus software, file compressors, web browsers and webmail software, games and so on
Programming languages. these programs can be used to create other programs or applications
Windows operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs: we can install them using an installation wizard that guide us through the process
Hard disk maintenance
Cleaning the hard disk: the computer accumulates unnecessary programs and files
Defragmenting the hard disk: the hard disk stores files in small blocks
Detecting and repairing errors
Saving power: you can tell your computer to go into standby mode automatically, during a period of inactivity
System updates: operating systems are constantly being update. There are two ways:
Through
Inicio
-
Programas
-
Windows Update
By
actualizaciones
-
Inicio
-
Panel de control
-
Rendimiento y mantenimiento
-
Sistema
Linux operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs: uses two packages managers to help users automatically install applications
How to keep your system up to date: Open the
Gestor de actualizaciones
through
Sistema> Adminsitración
. Click in
Comprobar
and then click on
Instalar actualizaciones
Computer networks
Elements in a network: all computers have a logical and a physical component
Each computer needs an adaptor or network card to send information to other computers and receive it
The hub distributes all the information it receives, It can by replaced it by a switch
This information travels down a transmission medium
Wireless networks: use electromagnetic waves to transmit data
Shared internet access
we can divide it in three ways depending of thier size
local areas networks or LANs
Metropolitan area networks
wide area networks
