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Metals - Coggle Diagram
Metals
Ferrous metals
Metals or alloys where the main component is iron
Examples
Cast iron:
An alloy of iron containing 2-4% carbon with trace amounts of silicon and manganese
Mild steels
- Steels containing 0.15% - 0.25% carbon
Easily formed
Easily machined
Easily welded
Ductile
Used in
Manufacturing
Screws
Bolts
Motor shafts
Domesti housings (toaster, computers)
Also contain Manganese
Easily corrodes
Porous - further encourages corosion
Typically painted to prevent corosion
Stainless steels
- alloys containing 10% chromium
Chromium reacts with oxygen to form a chromium oxide layer
This prevents further corrosion
Most common stainless steels have chromium and nickel
Steel:
An alloy of iron and a varying percent of carbon to enhance the material's properties
Mild - 0.15% - 0.25%
Medium - 0.25% - 0.45%
High - 0.45% - 1.5%
Non-ferrous metals
All other metals where iron isn't the main component
May contain iron but it won't be the main component
Examples
Copper
Used extensively in electrics due to its properties
High conductivity
High malleability
High ductility
Corrosion resitant
Used in
Electrical wiring
Electrical contacts
Electric rotors
Brass:
Alloy of copper and zinc
More than 40% zinc causes it to be too brittle
Cartridge Brass:
70 Cu / 30 Zn
Muntz Metal:
60 Cu / 40 Zn
Outdoor taps cast using this brass
Corrosion resistant
Used in
Electrical appliances
Electrical contacts
Espresso coffee machines
Harder than copper
More wear resistant
More stable thermal performance than aluminium alloys
Bronze:
Alloy of copper and tin
Not as common as brass
Used in
Marine applications
Low maintenance bearings
Pressing and sintering bronze powder to form porous sleeve
Sleeve
impregnated
with oil, Teflon™ or graphite for lubrication
Lubrication causes it to be low maintenance
Lead often added up to 5% to improve bearing properties
Spring and switch contacts (Phosphor bronze)
(0.1% - 1% phosphorous added)
Other elements added to improve corrosion resistance
Aluminium
Silicon
Manganese
Silicon
Aluminium
Highly used metal
Low density
Excellent corrosion resistance
Low strength
Often used in alloy form
Used in
Foil (pure aluminium; rare)
Commonly alloyed with
Copper (strength)
Zinc (strength)
Magnesium (strength)
Lithium (strength)
Light weight combined with other elements
Better strength to weight ratios than ferrous metals
Some alloys removes corrosion resitance
Worth it cuz strength to weight ratio is better