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History of the smallpox vaccine - Coggle Diagram
History of the smallpox vaccine
What is smallpox?
Deadliest disease known to humans
Eradicated virus - used to be contagious, disfiguring, and often deadly
History of smallpox vaccine
1022 AD
Buddhist nun - grind smallpox scabs and blow into noses of healthy people. (Variolation)
Did this after noticing that people who managed to survive small pox, never got it again.
1700s
Doctors taking material and putting it into healthy people through 4 or 5 scratches on the arm
Inoculated people wouldn't get reinfected
But not fully effective - 3% would still die
1796
English Physician Edward Jenner noticed something interesting about dairy maids.
Dairy maids don't get smallpox they already got cowpox
Cowpox - skin disease that resembles smallpox and affects cows
Jenner decided to test whether cowpox virus could be used to protect against smallpox.
Found a young dairy maid - Sarah Nelmes - who had fresh cowpox lesions
Using matter from her pustules, he inoculated Phipps, his gardener's son.
Seemed to have recovered after a few days of discomfort
Later inoculated the boy with smallpox lesions
No disease developed
Jenner concluded that the protection was complete.
Used cowpox virus in other people and challenged them many times with smallpox
Proved that they were immune to the disease
With this procedure, Jenner invented smallpox vaccine
1840
Variolation was prohibited in England
Vaccination was accepted
Origin of smallpox virus
Origin is unknown but is thought to date back to the Egyptian Empire around the 3rd Century.
Smallpox-like rashes discovered on three mummies
Earliest written description of a disease that clearly resembles smallpox appeared in China in the 4th century CE.
Early written descriptions also appeared in India in the 7th century and in Asia Minor in the 10th century
Historical highlights
6th Century
Increased trade with China and Korea introduces smallpox into Japan
7th Century
Arab expansion spreads smallpox into northern Africa, Spain, and Portugal
11th Century
Crusades further spread smallpox in Europe
15th Century
Portuguese occupation introduces smallpox into part of western Africa
16th Century
European colonization and the African slave trade import smallpox into the Caribbean and Central and South America.
17th Century
European colonization imports smallpox into North America
18th Century
Exploration by Great Britain introduces smallpox into Australia
Symptoms
Fever
Lethargy
Headache
Sore Throat
Vomiting
Rashes