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RELIGIOUS WARS AND THE COUNTER-REFORMATION
Religious wars
1521
The Church excommunicated Luther and tried to persecute him for heresty.
he received the protection of the German nobles
Carlos I
Emperor in 1519
Catholic and tried to mediate in this conflict to prevent the division of the Church.
meeting without agreement
Diet of Worms
Catholics considered the Lutherans Protestants, but they referred to themselves as the Reformed
Emperor
supported the Church and the Pope
Protestant German Princes
supported Luther
Schmalkaldic League alliance
Battle of Mühlberg in 1547
Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555
religious wars
France
wars between Catholics and Protestants
very bloody episodes
conflicts ended in 1598 when King Henry IV signed the Edict of Nantes
Low Countries
Dutch War of Independence or Eighty Years' War
British isles
Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639-1651
Consequences of religious division in Europe
rotestants and Catholics persecuted each other
The Pope and the Emperor became less influential
The Counter-Reformation
religious, intellectual and political movement
Council of Trent
Catholic Church’s course
the clarification of their teachings
dogmas and principles rejected by the Protestants: maintained
internal reform
resolve internal corruption
universities were founded
improve the training priests received
Society of Jesus
repression of Protestantism.
followers were considered heretics
Inquisition reinforced
The Council of Trent
it was held in three periods of sessions
1545-1548
1551-1552
1562-1563
Emperor Carlos V,
pushed most for it to be held
The Protestants were invited
Some kingdoms expressed their mistrust, as they believed that the council served the interests of the Habsburgs
Council of Trent did not prevent division in the Church.
