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Pharmacology - Coggle Diagram
Pharmacology
Routes of Administration
Intraosseous (IO) Injection
Administered into the bone
Intravenous (IV) Injection
Administered through the vein
Oral (PO)
Taken by mouth
Per Rectum (PR)
Taken by rectum
Intramuscular (IM) Injection
Administered into the muscle
Inhalation
Inhaled into the lungs
Sublingual (SL)
Administered under the tongue
Transcutaneous (transdermal)
Administered through the skin
Intranasal (IN)
Administered through the nose
Subcutaneous (SC) Injection
Administered under the skin
Medications EMT's Can Assist/Administer On Patient
Activated Charcoal
Action
Absorbs toxic substances in the digestive tract
Indication
Most oral poisonings/overdoses
Contraindication
Decreased level of consciousness; overdose of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum substances
Route
Oral
Aspirin
Action
Anti-inflammatory agent and anti-fever agent; prevents platelets from clumping, thereby decreasing formation of new clots
Indication
Relief of mild pain, headaches, muscle pains; chest pain of cardiac origin
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity; recent PO bleeding
Route
Oral
Fast Acting MDI's
Action
Stimulates nervous system, causing bronchodilation
Indication
Asthma/difficulty breathing with wheezing
Route
Inhalation
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity; tachycardia (relative); chest pain of cardiac origin
Epinephrine
Action
Stimulate nervous system, causing bronchodilation
Indication
Anaphylactic reaction
Route
Intermuscular
Contraindication
Chest pain of cardiac origin; hypothermia; hypertension
Naloxone
Action
Reserves respiratory depression secondary to opioid overdose
Indication
Opioid poisoning
Route
Intermuscular/Internasal
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity
Nitroglycerin
Action
Dilate blood vessels
Indication
Chest pain of cardiac origin
Route
Sublingual tablet or spray
Contraindication
Hypertension; use of sildenafil (Viagra) or another treatment for erectile disfunction within the previous 24 hours; head injury
Oral Glucose
Action
When absorbed, provides glucose for cell use
Indication
Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia)
Route
Oral
Contraindication
Decreased level of consciousness; nausea; vomiting
Oxygen
Action
Reverses hypoxia; provides oxygen to be absorbed by lungs
Indication
Hypoxia or suspected hypoxia
Route
Inhalation
Contraindication
Very rarely used in patients with COPD; do not use near open flames, as oxygen will support combustion
THE SIX RIGHTS
5.Right Time
4.Right Route
3.Right Dose
2.Right Medication
6.Right Documentation
1.Right Patient
EMT Scope of Medicine
Inhalation Medications
Naloxone
Oxygen
Meter-Dose Inhalers and Nebulizers
Oral Medications
Activated Charcoal
Oral Glucose
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid or ASA)
Nitroglycerin tablet or spray
Intramuscular Medications
Epinephrine
Naloxone
Common Over-the-Counter Medications
Acetaminophen
Action
Analgesic and fever reducer
Indication
Relief of mild pain or fever, headache, and muscle aches
Route
Oral
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity
Diphenhydramine
Action
Antihistamine (bocks histamine)
Indication
Mild allergic reactions
Route
Oral
Contraindication
Asthma; glaucoma; pregnancy; hypertension; infants
Ibuprofen
Action
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that reduces inflammation and fever; analgesic
Indication
Mild pain or fever, headaches, muscle pains
Route
Oral
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity
Pharmacology
is the science of drugs, including their ingredients, preparation, uses, and actions on the body.