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Fever model of the French revolution - Coggle Diagram
Fever model of the French revolution
Symptomatic stage
Estates general
When the nobility wouldn't accept his reforms, the king called an estates general, a meeting between representatives of all three estates, in hopes that they might be more reasonable. The opening of the Estates General, on 5 May 1789 in Versailles, marked the start of the French Revolution.
National assembly
After weeks of inaction from the estates general, the third estate, along with allies from the other estates, became the national assembly. The king kicked them out of the meeting for this and they moved to a tennis court to write a consitution
Protests and marches across france
Assembly of notables
The new king realized that something had to be done about the debt and called an assembly of notables to approve reforms, but the nobles and clergymen denied the reforms.
Covalesance
National Assembly voted to end traditional obligations and the privileges of the nobility and church, essentially ending the feudal system. This calmed the peasant uprisings in the country.
The Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen stated the principles for a future constitution
With the king unable to resist change, the national assembly restructured french society, wrote a constitution, limited monarchial power, abolished the nobility as a hereditary class, and made economic reforms.
The concordat of 1801 gave French Catholics the right to freely practice their religion, but it also recognized the French government’s authority to nominate bishops and retain priests on the state payroll.
Civil code of 1804 rewrote french law and gave Napoleon the support of the peasantry and middle class as it addressed two principles from the revolution equality in law and protection of property.
With Robespierre gone, the convention put in place a more conservative constitution that protected property, established a voting process that reduced the power of the masses, and created a new executive authority, the Directory.
Crisis stage
The King moves troops to versaille to confront the national assembly
On July 14, 1789, a crowd attacked the Bastille, a medieval fortress used as a prison, in response to the king moving troops towards versaille. This attack cost the lives of 98 people. Enraged by the deaths, the attackers hacked the commander to death and paraded through the city with his severed head and that of Paris's chief magistrate on pikes.
Peasants in the country sacked manor houses, destroyed documents that recorded their traditional labor and tax obligations, refused to pay taxes and dues to landowners, and seized common lands
While the national assembly debated political issues the economic situation worsened until on october 5th women marched into the national assembly shouting "The point is that we want bread" They then entered the apartments and killed the king's guards and forced the royal family to move to Paris.
A later attempt by the king and queen to flee Paris lost them their remaining support and on August 10th, 1792, a crowd invaded the King's palace in Paris
This forced the king to seek the protection of the legislative assembly. The legislative assembly then suspended his authority and ordered his imprisonment. They also created a political environment where competing political factions used rumors of plots and conspiracies to justify the use of violence against their rivals and enemies.
These actions helped lead to the formation of a new legislative and executive body, the National Convention.
Prussia was against the weakening of the monarchy and threatened to intervene in support of the monarchy. The national assembly, now renamed the legislative assembly, responded to this by declaring war on Prussia
Rumors of counterrevolutionary plots kept working-class neighborhoods in an uproar, and in September a mob surged through the city’s prisons, killing nearly half the prisoners.
Swept along by popular passion and fear of conspiracy, the newly elected National Convention convicted Louis XVI of treason, sentenced him to death, and proclaimed France a republic.
The king was killed by guillotine in January 1793. These events precipitated a wider war with nearly all of Europe’s powers allied against France.
The newly elected national convention was divided into two groups: the "Girondists" and "the Mountain". Maximilien Robespierre, a young, little-known lawyer deeply influenced by Rousseau’s ideas, dominated the Mountain.
With the French economy in crisis, Robespierre used the popular press and political clubs to forge an alliance with the Parisian working class. His growing strength in the streets allowed him to purge and execute many of his enemies in the National Convention and to restructure the government.
Robespierre placed executive power in the hands of the newly formed Committee of Public Safety, which created special courts to seek out and punish enemies of the Revolution.
Faced with rebellion in the provinces and foreign invasion, Robespierre and his allies unleashed a period of repression called the Reign of Terror (1793–1794). During the Terror, executions and deaths in prison claimed 40,000 lives while another 300,000 suffered imprisonment.
By 1794 France was safe from foreign and domestic enemies, but Robespierre continued his oppression. Among the victims were some of Robespierre's closest allies during the terror leading to the members of the convention voting to arrest Robespierre and order his execution in July of 794
Incubation stage
Inequality among classes
Hereditary aristocracy
Higher taxes on lower classes
Struggling economy
Poor harvests
Crop failure increased the price of food and left less people buying non essential goods leaving much of the population unemployed
National debt
The nation accrued a large amount of debt after participating in three wars prior to the French revolution. these are the war of the Austrian succession, the seven years war, and finally the American revolution.
Ideas of enlightenment and revolutions happening around the world inspired the french to have a revolution of their own