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Obesity - Coggle Diagram
Obesity
investigations
to be able to diagnose and know the cause behind the obesity
BMI
CBC
CXR
hepatitis test
abdominal ultrasound
electrolyte / substance level
liver function test
spirometry
assess risk for presence of obesity-related comorbidities
serum lipid profile
Pharmacological managements of obesity
and
orlistat
Fenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine
Lorcaserin
Qsymia
Liraglutide
Contrave
sibutramine
Taranabant
Rimonabant
physiology of liver and gallbladder
some pathologies might happen
bile production and excretion
excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones and drugs
metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates
liver is the main organ in biochemistry
storage of glycogen, vitamins and minerals
synthesis of plasma proteins such as albumin and clotting factors
detoxification
history taking and physical examination
and
lifestyle history
social history
psychiatric / psychologic history
medication history
PE
BMI
Waist circumference
Examination of organ systems
diet types
and some medications and surgeries might be needed
the paleo diet
keto diet
atkins diet
vegetarian
vegan
psychological effects in obesity
to return the body structure and function back to normal
eating disorders
pica
bulimia nervosa
binge eating disorder
anorexia nervosa
Rumination disorder
avoidant / restrictive food intake disorder
others
there is a relationship between obesity and prefrontal cortex
Sustained overconsumption and obesity can cause changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that further discourage dietary self-regulation, creating a reciprocal relationship that reinforces the poor dietary choices and encourages overconsumption.
In addition, there is raised activity in certain reward centers of the brain in response to calorie-rich foods and that will lead to food-addiction models.
childhood obesity might lead to bad consequences psychologically
anatomy of liver and gallbladder
and
gallbladder
bile duct
neck
body
fundus
cystic duct
common hepatic duct
histology
lamina propria
serosa
perimuscular fibrous tissue
epithelium
muscularis
liver
right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe
ligamentum teres
ligamentum venosum
groove for IVC
porta hepatis
portal vein
common bile duct
cystic duct
causes of increase appetite and weight gain
changing into a healthy diet might help
causes of increased appetite
Anxiety
Depression
Pregnancy
Premenstrual syndrome
Bulimia
Hyperthyroidism
Grave’s disease
Hypoglycemia
Diabetes
Stress
causes of weight gain
Engineered Junk Foods
Food Addiction
Insulin
Certain Medications
Leptin Resistance
Food Availability
Sugar
Genetics
histology of adipose tissue
structures determines what functions takes place
white adipose cells
large lipid droplet
small amount of cytoplasm
flattened and noncentrally located nuclei
brown adipose cells
numerous mitochondria
large amount of cytoplasm
different sized lipid droplets
round and centrally located nuclei
pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis
thus the need of history taking and physical examination
cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver
complications of cirrhosis
high blood pressure in the veins that supply the liver (portal hypertension)
swelling in the legs and abdomen
splenomegaly
bleeding
infections
malnutrition
increased risk of liver cancer
jaundice
buildup of toxins in the brain (hepatic encephalopathy)
non-pharmacological managements of obesity
also treating the psychological problems related
cholecystectomy
bariatric surgery
a biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
gastric bypass
sleeve gastrectomy
hepatic steatosis
which have certain pathophysiology
fatty liver
happens when fats build up in liver
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
simple fatty liver
fibrosis
cirrhosis
at least 5% of liver weight