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Plant Geography: Biomes Report - Coggle Diagram
Plant Geography: Biomes Report
Requirements
Due on 19 April
word count : 1500 for main report and 500 for planting plan
structure
:!?: where would the Origins and development of biogeographical regions
First Section ; INTRODUCTION
1.2) Past historical origin of the land mass
1.1) location and area (what it close to?)
Second section: Prevailing Climatic Conditions
2.1) climate of new Zealand
Third section: History and Establishment of the Flora
3.1) the range of families, genera and species
including any notable endemics
include any found in other unusually distant regions ie in places new zealand was attached too
difference between islands?
floristic movements liked to history
3.2) Abiotic and biotic factors affecting plant survival /spread
Plant adaptions to these factors with examples
prevailing climatic conditions
Seasonality? ie rainy or dry seasons
Biomes and ecoregions
Keep it vague, make it as part of the climatic conditions :!!:
:!!: Pull out one important one
#
Biome: Montane Grasslands & Shrublands
Ecoregion: New Zealand South Island montane grasslands (M) Eco ID: 194 look
here
use WWF criteria
Biome: Temperate Grasslands, Savannas & Shrublands
here
Ecoregion: Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands (M) Eco ID: 190 look
here
Biome: Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests
Ecoregion: Westland temperate forests (M) Eco ID: 180
Ecoregion: Fiordland temperate forests (M) Eco ID: 169
ecoregion: New Zealand South Island temperate forests (M) Eco ID: 172
ecoregion: Rakiura Island temperate forests (S) Eco ID: 174
ecoregion: Nelson Coast temperate forests (M) Eco ID: 171
Ecoregion: New Zealand North Island temperate forests (N) Eco ID: 171 with Central North Island, South-West North Island and Eastern North Island climate zones (NIWA)
Ecoregion: Northland temperate kauri forests (N) Eco ID: 173 with Northern New Zealand climate zone (NIWA)
Ecoregion: Richmond temperate forests (M) Eco ID: 175 with Northern South Island climate zone (NIWA)
https://www.fergusmurraysculpture.com/new-zealand/temperate-rain-forests/
M = Main island, N = North island, S = South island,
on small islands
Chatham island and Pitt island= biome: Temperate Broadleaf & Mixed Forests with ecoregion; Chatham Island temperate forests
Antipodes island (inhospitable volcanic uninhabited) = Biome; Tundra with ecoregion: Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra
North East Island, Broughton island and Western chain all match Rakiura island temperate forest
Can give a full list in appendix
Temperature range
climate look
here
and
here
different areas climate
https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/new-zealand
history (geological, floristic movements)
other biotic and abiotic influences,
Abiotic
coastal ? wheather patterns?
geographic isolation from island to island but also within such as forests isolated in Southern Alps vallys
Human; Mouri and anthropomorphic impacts today
Volcanic
activity, some areas disturbed on a large scale many times in history, can disrupt plant distribution, creating gaps
Biotic
Invasive species ?
age of island
Volcanic origin?
#
Flora
Endomic plants
species
families?
look
here
where the plants came from
relation to other near by islands
what are the things that made the flora
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43475505_Conifer_and_cycad_distribution_in_the_Miocene_of_southern_New_Zealand
what adaptions they have to cope with their environment
give examples
novel adaptions
GBIF
for plant species distributions
How have the plants moved
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_of_New_Zealand
While ots likelty safe to say that the climate conditoons resulting in the mountain and grassland biome are distinct enought to warrent their dfloraistinct flora distribution. The same cannot be said for the temperaate area of NZ. This is where the geographical disterbance and speciation and disturbances theories provide more likely explication for the distributions seen. Foe example
Name some plant types and endemic and common species ina table.
Relationship with other landmasses
New Zealand and Austalia relationship
New Zealand is part of the Australasia realm
:question: Whats common between them
Separated from Australia by Tasmanian? sea
other close contenents
africa?
Asia?
listen to Greg Meeting again
Topography
https://www.newzealand.com/uk/feature/new-zealand-geography-and-geology/#:~:text=The%20North%20Island%20of%20New,backbone%20of%20the%20South%20Island
.
outline the timescale in which the chosen biogeographical region developed
:!!: Look at first report example, it talks of the early land masses
Topic: New Zealand
Part of Australasia
Planting Plan
10 to 20 representative plants
https://www.gbif.org/
https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-plants/
group by which ecoregion they come from
Books on flora :
here
and
here
and
here
potentially including some used by the mori look
here
https://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz/
Mouri plants
Kauri as a building material
Link Title
https://pukaha.org.nz/5-native-plants-used-in-maori-medicine/
Phormium tenax
Pepper tree/ Macropiper excelsum
Sophora tetraptera, sophora microphylla
Whitey wood/ Melicytus ramiflorus
Rongoā Māori troditinal healing
plants
https://bpac.org.nz/bpj/2008/may/rongoa.aspx
https://www.wildstives.co.uk/single-post/2017/08/21/new-zealand-flax
New zealand flax or Harakeke
https://teara.govt.nz/en/rongoa-medicinal-use-of-plants#:~:text=M%C4%81ori%20used%20a%20range%20of,seeing%20a%20resurgence%20of%20interest
.
http://www.wildflowers-and-weeds.com/Plant_Identification/New_Zealand/Native_Flowers_Shrubs_Trees.htm
https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-plants/
Produce a very simple plan-layout of a planting scheme (showing blocks of planting)
a simple planting plan to reflect
an
aspect
of the biome or biogeographical phenomenon presented in your report.
choose a bed in the glasshouses (might have to ask Greg
500 words about planting
Why you chose those plants?
How they fit into the biome?
the plants are an example of the range that can be used by people.
Within the vast range of plants found across new zealand, some where more important then others for the
maori
people, who firest settled in ...
#
brief note on their arrival and spread
the mauri people use the plants for a wide range of purposes.
will include various plants that are signifficant to new zealands biomes.
endemic genera and species
Why you arranged them as you did
to reflect the canopy levels as seen in the natural environment.
What kind of hard landscaping you might want to complement the planting
Rocks and stones?
water/streams?
rock wall, moss wall?
how to replicate the temperate forest , think of light and shade and soils needed
Department of conservation
here
New Zealand Conservation Network
here
for each plant
Latin Name
link to other counties
distribution
spread and conditions
note eventual hight perticularly for trees and a note to prune
any link to maori
scrub land ??
unusual and wouldnt have through of it.
Interpretation
Produce a single side of A4 or a single sheet of A3 as a piece of interpretation for the
public.
note breif explination of new zealands biomes
say about native and endemic species
give rough estimates
Maori and their use of plants
pictures of maori plants and a small note on their uses