Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
iGCSE Biology Animal Homeostatis - Coggle Diagram
iGCSE Biology
Animal
Homeostatis
keeping conditions constant
internal environment =
surrounding of cells &
blood &
tissue fluid
osmoregulation
salt content
salts in urine or blood
as
ions
: Na+ & Cl-
water content
GAIN
food 800cm3
drink 1400cm3
cell respiration 400cm3
TOTAL 2600cm3
LOSS
exhaled air 400cm3
sweat 600cm3
urine
1500cm3
1L -> 40g waste
urea 23.3g
ammonia 0.4g
nitrogenous waste 1.6g
sodium chloride 10g
potassium 1.3g
phosphate 2.3g
the nitrogen in proteins/
amino acids cannot be stored
amino acids are broken
down in the liver into
glycogen + urea
urea = nitrogen containing
waste product
passes into blood
filtered by kidneys
homeostatic organ
contolling water & salt
AND excretory organ
concentrating nitrogen waste
for elimination
urinary system
kidneys
homeostasis water content
& excretion
cortex
nephrons
filtering tubules
medulla
pyramids
1 more item...
a million per kidney
Bowman's capsule
hollow cup of cells
surrounding a
glomerulus
a ball of capillaries
180dm3/day of
glomerular filtrate
3 more items...
kidney arterioles supply
the glomerulus
blood pressure
very HIGH
pressure forces fluid from
blood into Bowman's capsule
ultrafiltration
process
filter separates different
sized molecules under pressure
2 layers of cells
capillary wall & capsule wall
gaps between cells -
coarse filter
basement membrane
between cell layers
fine molecular filter
water ions
glucose & urea
pass through
large molecules like
blood cells & proteins do not
two coiled regions
separated by
loop of Henle
3 more items...
tiny blood vessels
controls urine
concentration to
maintain water content
of the blood
antidiuretic hormone
ADH
loss of water ->
increased blood
concentration
detected in
hypothalamus
1 more item...
negative feedback loop
-> process active while
conditions in body abnormal
renal artery
straight
from aorta
blood leaves
via
renal vein
to vena cava
faeces 100cm3
TOTAL 2600cm3
CO2
blood pH
glucose
temperature
cells only function when
bathed in optimum tissue fluid
too many solutes =
cell water loss
through osmosis
too dilute =
cell swell up
pH & temp
affect enzymes
cannot have toxic buildup
eg. of urea
EXCRETION
products of metabolism
removed from body
eg. Urea, CO2 and
not faeces
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
homeothermic
= warm blooded
or constant temp
endotherms
create heat from
inside the body
heat from chemical
reactions in cells
to
warm
controls cooling
sweating
blood flow
advantage - constant
metabolism
best for proteins
non-mammal animals
are cold-blooded
& change their temp
mammals -
thermoregulatory
centre
in the hypothalamus
thermostat
temperature sensors
in the skin send
signals to hypothalamus
hypothalamus
says "cold" or "hot"
human does something
eg. find shade, put on jacket
plan B - if blood
temp change detected
SKIN
forms outer surface
of the body
tough outer layer
to resist mechanical damage
barrier to pathogens
impermeable - no water loss
sense organ for touch
& temperature changes
controls loss of heat
through body surface
three layers
epidermis
dead cells
dermis
sensory receptors
sweat glands, blood vessels
hair follicles
hypodermis
fatty tissue
insulation & energy
temperature control
response
sweat glands
more sweat when hot
1 more item...
hair erector muscles
lie flat in cold to trap
warm air (not so effective
in humans vs furry mammals)
capillary loops
in dermis
allows heat to radiate away
3 more items...
also
shivering
also speeding up
metabolism