Geography
Mapping skils
7 Key concepts of Geography
Space
Place
Interconnection
Change
Environment
Sustainablility
Scale
Area Reference
16 point compass
Reading map Sypmbols
BOLTS
Biomes
Border: the outside of the map
Orientation: where North is (compass)
Legend: Signs that correspond with the landmarks on the map
Title: the place of the map
Scale: the amount of steps on the map and in real life
Source: Where the source is from
How things are arranged on the Earths surface and why.
Can be physical- created by nature, or Cultural man made for example a building
All environments and every living and non-living thing are connected
Better understand the links between people and places
relates to the ongoing capacity of the Earth to maintain all life
- Non renewable: continue to run out - example: oil, coal
- Renewable: replace themselves naturally
example: water, solar forests
living and non-living components and elements that make up an area, and the ways they are organised into a system
Improve sustainability via your level:
Local- recycling of paper by individuals
National- The Australian government supports the use of sustainable energy by the use of solar panels
International- working with fishers and retailers to promote responsible and environmentally viable fishing practices
Location- where things are located on the Earth
Organisation- how and why things are arranged and managed on the Earths surface by people
Spatial distribution- the shapes and patterns in which things are arranged on the Earths surface
helps us understand what is happening around us and to see the dynamics of the world changing
Grassland
Forest
Desert
Tundra
Rainforest
Temperate Forest
high levels of precipitation and a temperate climate, is very habitable
Aquatic
is a hot, moist biome where it rains all year long. It is known for its dense vegetation
Usually dry and consist of little to no vegetation, the animals have adapted to the harsh wind hot and can be freezing environment.
consist of large open areas of grass. Trees can be present, but they are infrequent. Low rainfall, wildland fires, and grazing by animals are three factors that maintain grasslands
has patchy, low-to-ground vegetation consisting of small shrubs, grasses, mosses, all of which are better adapted to withstand tundras environment
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the largest biome covering about 75% of the Earths surface.
Freshwater
Marine
Usually saltwater and contains exotic fish nad corals
Contains common river fish and has freshwater
Grid Referencing
help people find a specific location on the map, by using eastings on the y axis and the northings on the x axis, then finding the location of choice in the box it is in using the bottom left corner of the box
basically the same as area referencing although this is a more accurate way of finding the location
Relating to the legend and find the corresponding sign to the map
What the place has meaning to as people, can be natural and each place is set with a unique set of characteristics
is used to guide geographical inquiries, is used to look for explanations and outcomes at different levels
- Local scale, Regional scale, National scale , International scale and global scale
Longitude and latitude
Latitude: are a numerical way to measure how far north or south of the equator a place is located
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Continets and Oceans
Asia, Europe, Antartica, South America, North America, Australia and Africa
Southern Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean
Food Security
Types Of Farming
Intensive- farming that produces large volumes in small area
Extensive: farming that requires a large amount of land
Definition: a state where all people at all times have enough safe, nutritious food to sustain a healthy life
Food availability: enough food of appropriate quality
Food accessibility: physical and economic access to food
Food Insecurity:
Where people do not have access to these available food, accessible food, or sufficient knowledge required to use food.
Barriers to Food Production
Water scarcity: the lack of access to safe or enough water.
Climate change: long-term changes in weather events and patterns worldwide
Threats from non-native plants: can have devastating effects on the crops as food security is at risk
Competition for Land: can become a threat as other people or cooperations who want to use the land for another purpose instead of growing crops
The use of land for fuel instead of food: land is being used to feed cars and not crops apposing as a threat to food security
Armed conflict: complex and sever threat to food security as the food security of the population can be affected in various different ways.
Impact of environmental change
Desertification
Land Degradation
Salinity
Biofules
Climate change
the accumulation of salt in land and water to a level that damages the natural and built environment.
is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes on the land
can change the growth of the crops and how it grows, and is long term changes in the temperature that is caused by damaging the atmosphere
using the land for biofuels instead of agriculture
desertification means a decline in soil fertility, a reduction in vegetation cover, is where the fertile land becomes infertile and turns into a desert
LABDOW
Latitude
Altitude
Barriers
Distance from Sea
Ocean Currents
Wind
latitude effects climate because where you are on the earth determines how long the suns take to reach you
effects climate because it makes there a colder or hotter depending on the temperature
effects effects the climate because if you are close to the ocean you get the ocean currents
it makes the climate colder effecting the climates
effects the climate as the higher you are the colder it gets so if there is a mountain then the climate at the top is going to be cold
effects the climate because if there is a barrier blocking off the ocean currents then it will be warmer
Longitude; vertical mapping lines on Earth are lines of longitude known as meridians