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Hardware and operating systems, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
Hardware and operating systems
Computer language and function
When we communicate or memorise a sentence or make calculations, we use a lot of different symbols, sounds and images. Computers only use the numbers 0 and 1.
This is known as the binary system.
The smallest unit of information that we can store on a computer is called a bit (b), which is an abbreviatio0n for binary digit.
Eight bits together form a byte (B).
ASCII
We give a code to each of the letters of the alphabet, and to the characters computers use, so that we can store them. These codes consist of the figures "1" and "0".
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
Computer functions
WE use the name hardware for the physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move, like the mouse and the keyboard.
Software or programs refer to the data and the instructions we use to manage that data.
Computers carry out four different functions.
Input of data using peripherical devices.
Output of data using peripherical devices.
Storing data in the storage devices.
Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU), uaing the microprocessor and the memory.
Computer elements.
Microprocessor
Computer history is very closely linked to the development of integrated circuits or chips.
Is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transitors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory.
Memory and uses of storage
RAM
The computer's main memory RAM (random access memory).
When we run an application, its instructions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocessor can use them.
Cache memory
RAM cannot work at tthe same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor: the cache memory.
ROM BIOS
When you turn on your computer, it automstically checks the system. The initial check is carried out usinng instructions stored in a special read-only memory: the ROM BIOS
If everything is correct, the BIOS starts the operating system in the main memory, so that this system can take control of the computer.
Storage devices
We use data storage units to permanetly save this data.
Magnetic disks.
Optical disks.
Solid-state memory.
Motherboard and connecting devices
Motherboard and connecting devices
Inside the computer you'll find a large board; we call it the motherboard. All the other components of the computer are connected to it.
In the addition to the microprocessor and memory, the motherboard also includes the following components.
Slots
The IDE
The chipset
Various input / output ports
Software and operating systems
Operating system
Applications
Programming languages
Word processors
Spreadsheets
Presentations
Database management tools
Drawing programs
Is the first thing that appears when you turn on your computer and the last thing you see when you're turning it off.
Windows operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
We can install programs using an installation wizard that guides us through the process.
Hard disk maintenance
Cleaning the hard disk.
Defragmenting the hard disk.
Detecting and repairing errors
Saving power
You can tell your computer to go into standby mode automatically, during a period of inactivity.
System updates
Operating systems are constantly updated.
Linux operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
Linux uses two package managers to help users automatically install applications downloaded from the internet.
How to keep your system up to date
Open the Gestor de actualizaciones through sistema > administración.
Click on Comprobar. A list of recommended updates will appear. Click on Instalar actualizaciones to install the selected updates.
Computer networks
A computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information.
Elements in a network
Each computer needs an adaptator or network card to send information to the other computers and receive information back.
The hub distributes all the information it receives between the other computers in the network.
This information travels down a transmission medium, normally a cable similar to a telephone wire with an RJ45 connector on the end.
Wireless networks
Wireless networks, known as WLANs (Wireless LANs), use electromagnetic waves to transmit data. All computers neeed to have a wireless network card.
