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Vowels and Formants - Coggle Diagram
Vowels and Formants
Plomp "Inner Ear"
hearing system's ability to "analyze the world of superimposed sounds and separate them according to source." BUT different sources not SAME source
" would be ideal for only sinusoidal tones." BUT most periodic sounds in the world are combined sinusoids; COMPLEX
"limit of listeners' ability to hear out the harmonics of a complex tone agrees rather well with the ear's frequency resolving power."
Harmonics
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Mersenne- ratio of numbers; four other sounds other than natural one (8ve, 12th, 15th, 17th)
Helmholtz- "musically trained ear will not necessarily hear upper partial tones with greater ease and certainty than untrained ear."
Waveforms
"very different wave forms can have the same amplitude distribution" BECAUSE waveform is determined by amplitude AND phase
"If one can decipher the elementary decaying waves that represent VOWELS ...completely free from the interference fo pitch, highly accurate acoustic recognition of timbre could be achieved.
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great example for demonstrating diff. origin of pitch/timbre; INDEPENDENT; change pitch, vowel still recognizable
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Plomp Dissertation
Periodicity
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"For simple tones, period is the reciprocal of frequency, but this is not the case for complex tones."
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waveform repeats over time, not sinusoidal, complex periodic event with small variations; QUASI PERIODIC
The Ear
ear has two pitch detecting mechanisms 1) periodicity- low frequencies 2) "maximal stimulation along the basilar membrane for high frequencies."
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Vowels
"different vowels are characterized by strong harmonics in some fixed frequency bands known as the FORMANTS"
"the fact that vowels are characterized by more than one formant shows the reason why the agreement is not very good."
"formant frequencies decreases with increased rounding of lips; majorly F2; applies more dramatically to high than low vowels."
"lawfulness of the relations between articulatory configuration for vowels and the formant frequencies of the vocal tract acoustic output make it possible to infer articulatory behavior without need fo direct examination of articulators."
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