Selected artists

Ai Weiwei

Shirin Neshat

Relevant information

predominantly from Western traditions

consider how artists from different cultural and religious backgrounds construe spirituality in their practices

art is

means of processing feelings of disenfranchisement and dislocation

providing powerful images of cultural identity and transformation

black-and-white photography and multimedia art responds to the Iranian Revolution in 1979

Using her own image as a template

she exposes the complexity of identity for a woman who is subjugated by the political regime

she finds herself, and in addition faces the cultural objectification of women from the West

religious symbols of the veil and Islamic calligraphy are used to embolden the image of the revolutionary woman

asserts her power against perpetrators who want to silence and exoticize her

Farsi writing on her skin—face, torso, hands, and feet

serves not as decoration but to mark the body as a politicized surface

Neshat seeks to liberate the female body from both Western stereotypes and the fundamentalist Islamic state of Iran

The Islamic veil, so often misappropriated as a symbol of oppression and otherness, now represents militancy

Neshat invites viewers to question the contemporary identity of a Muslim woman, acting as documenter, performer, and witness

the realization that this Islamic calligraphy does not articulate holy scripture but is, instead, contemporary Iranian women’s poetry about the role of women in the revolution

The work of Neshat represents a snapshot of the many voices of postcolonialism: of artists who reflect on their displacement to explore the different threads of their political and cultural identity.

spiritual by virtue of its revelatory, revitalizing and contemplative capacities

What is the nature of the dialogue between art and spirituality, how do the two come together, and what form does the meeting take

Art that is described as spiritual may reference or represent a spiritual and/or religious tradition

The relationship between art and spirituality has been historically mediated through the relationship between art and religion, something which has been periodically problematic throughout the centuries

to enhance lived worship, or viewed as a distraction or intrusion

often to reveal sights that are normally kept hidden from the public gaze and to challenge entrenched beliefs

“Spirituality” is a term that is often used vaguely to refer to an attitude or approach toward life that involves a search for meaning

denouncing government corruption and lack of respect for human rights and freedom of speech in China

produce work testifying to his political beliefs while at the same time making plenty of room for creativity and experimentation.

rapport both with Western culture and with the culture of his own country – torn between a deep-rooted sense of belonging and an equally strong urge to rebel

produced a multifaceted array of creative work, including sculptural installations, architectural projects, photographs, and videos

Exploring the fraught relationship of an increasingly modernized China to its cultural heritage

creating works that irrevocably transformed centuries-old Chinese artifacts

criticism of the Chinese government

calls attention to human rights violations on an epic scale; as an artist, he expands the definition of art to include new forms of social engagement