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Life Science, Secondary consumers: Organisms that consume primary…
Life Science
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Both are the foundation for energy flow and matter cycling on Earth
BOTH plants and animals perform cellular respiration
Difference: photosynthesis captures light energy to create its products and
cellular respiration removes that energy for use
Cellular Respiration requires oxygen and glucose and releases carbon dioxide and water
Photosynthesis requires water, light energy, and carbon dioxide and releases glucose and oxygen
Proteins have unique shapes and sizes which allow them to perform their different roles
DNA codes for proteins which form cells . Collections of cells form tissues . Specialized tissues form organs which make up an organism
DNA
Natural Selection and Evolution
Mutations are random . Natural selection is not random
All living things on Earth share some of the same DNA.
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Cardiovascular System: circulates blood through the body
The heart pumps blood through blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and veins.
it delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells while removing carbon dioxide and waste products from them.
Respiratory System: responsible for gas exchange
The inhalation of oxygen (O2) and the exhalation of carbon dioxide (CO2).
The lungs, conducting airways, and the diaphragm are key structures of the system.
Digestive and Excretory Systems
Digestive System: main functions of the digestive system are mechanical and chemical digestion, and absorption
Urinary System: filters extra water and waste products from the blood to help maintain proper fluid balance inside the body.
Nervous System
Central Nervous System: (CNS) manages the body’s essential functions.
Made up of the brain and spinal cord, the CNS receives sensory information and coordinates an appropriate response.
Peripheral Nervous System: PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body.
Nerves branch out from the brain and spinal cord, extending to the organs, muscles, and other parts of the body.
Cells
3 components that every cell has: cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA
Eukaryotic Cells: has a nucleus, more advanced and found in animals and plants
Prokaryotic Cells: does not have a nucleus, but has genetic material, found in unicellular organisms such as bacteria
Ecosystems: Energy Flow
Ecosystem-An interaction of Biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors
Producers: Organisms that capture energy from the sun through photosynthesis
(e.g. plants, algae, phytoplankton)
Primary consumers: Organisms that consume producers
Ecosystems: Carbon Cycling
Human impacts are driving climate change by putting excess carbon into the air
Ecosystems: Biodiversity and Human Impacts
Biodiversity- made up of species diversity, ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity
Everything is interconnected and affects each other
Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis is the process by which "regular" body cells (skin cells, muscle cells, blood cells, etc.) divide to produce new cells. Meiosis is the process by which sex cells (egg and sperm) are produced for reproduction.
Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells which are genetically identical . Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells which are genetically different .
Epigenitics
the study of how genes in a person's DNA may be turned on or off by life experiences and environmental factors.
Evolution Case Studies
The more diverse environments lead to the formation of more species because of how the species can eat and interact with the environment.
Based on NASA satellite data UV reaching Earth's surface vary with latitude because the closer to the equator the higher UV and the closer to the poles the lower UV.
Evidence of Common Ancestry and Evolution
All living things on Earth are related
Lines of Evidence: Comparative Anatomy, Embryology & Development, Fossil Record, DNA Comparisons, Species Distribution, Evolution Observed, Predictive Power of Evolution, & Nested Hierarchies of Traits
Secondary consumers: Organisms that consume primary consumers
Tertiary consumers: Organisms that consume secondary consumers