THE FINAL END
Treaty of Versailles
Paris Peace Conference
Results
Result
Members
Purpose
When it occurred
What was
Germany and the other defeated powers, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey, were not represented at the conference
International meeting convened in January of 1919 at Versailles.
January 18, 1919.
Establish the terms of the peace after World War One.
Led to the formulation of the Treaty of Versailles
The big four
France
United Sates
Great Britain
Italy
David Lloyd George ( Prime Minister of the United Kingdom)
Georges Clemenceau (Prime Minister of France)
Woodrow Wilson (President of United States)
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (Prime Minister of Italy)
Aims
Wilson's
Clemenceau's
Lloyd George's
Orlando's
Creation of the League of Nations based on the Fourteen Points
Ensuring that Germany was not destroyed by punishments
Reparations of damage caused by Germany
Germany blamed for starting the war
Ensurement by Germany for the payment for the damage caused
Rebuilding of Germany as a priority
32 countries
Expand Italy’s influence and shape it into a major power
Articles
Articles 159-163
Articles 164-172
Article 119
Articles 181-197
Articles 81-86
Articles 198-202
Articles 42-44 and Article 180
Article 231
Articles 45-40
Compelled Germany to turn over its coal mines in the Saar Basin to France
Forced the Germans to dismantle their fortifications along the Rhine river.
Compelled Germany to renounce territorial claims and recognize the independence of Czechoslovakia
Stripped Germany of its colonies in China and Africa.
Reduced the size of the German army to just 100,000
Disarmed the German military, limiting the number of weapons and artillery
Reduced Germany’s naval forces
Prohibited Germany from having an air force, except for up to 100 seaplanes to work in minesweeping operations.
Commonly called the war guilt clause, required Germany to accept responsibility for causing “all the loss and damage”
Reactions
Germany
France
United States
Italy
Great Britain
Territory changes
Signature
Purpose
They thought that the terms were good and fair and that they also should be more strict.
They thought that the Treaty was unfair with Germany, and that France and Great Britain were making themeselves rich Germany's expense.
Their reactions were very bad. There were protests all over the country. They lost the 10% of its land, all its overseas colonies, 12.5% of its population, 16% of its coal and 48% of its iron industry.
They approved the reparations that Germany had to pay, as also the demilitarization in Germany's borders with France
They were not hostile towards Germany, they only wanted to ensure the partition of the Habsburg Empire.
Austria-Hungary
Poland was restored and acquired new territory, as also Greece, Italy, and Romania.
Germany
End the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
On 28 June 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles
Considerations
War cost:132 billion gold marks ( equivalent to US$442 billion in 2021).
Russia was excluded due to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Allowed nations in Central and Eastern Europe to liberate themselves from German rule
The USA senate opposed the treaty
Led to the rise of Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party.
To the World War II
Great Depression
Handed Belgium, Czechoslovakia and Poland, returned Alsace and Lorraine to France and ceded all of its overseas colonies in China, Pacific and Africa.
Articulated the compromises reached at the Paris peace Conference and included the planned formation of the League of Nations.
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania won independence from Russia.
References
They recreated the sovereign states and Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia came into composite states
Nicolás Castro and Ana Brum