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Plant diversity, Done by: Mayan Alturki - Coggle Diagram
Plant diversity
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Types of cells in a leaf
The epidermal
Make up the upper and lower layers of the leaf. Epidermal cells are flat and irregularly shaped. The bottom epidermal layer of most leaves has small openings called stomata . Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen pass through stomata.
Mesophyll
Mesophyll cells contain chloroplasts, which are the organelles where photosynthesis occurs.
The palisade mesophyll cells are near the top surface of the leaf. They are packed close together. This arrangement exposes the most cells to light
Spongy mesophyll cells are below the palisade mesophyll cells. They have open spaces between them. Gases needed for photosynthesis flow through the spaces between the spongy mesophyll cells
Steps of photosynthesis
Capturing lightenergy
Photosynthesis is a complex chemical process. It consists of two basic steps: capturing light energy and using that energy to make sugars.
Chlorophyll traps and stores light energy. Then this energy can be transferred to other molecules. During photosynthesis, water molecules are split apart. The oxygen from the water molecules is released into the atmosphere.
In the first step, chloroplasts capture the energy in light. Chloroplasts contain plant pigments. Pigments are chemicals that can absorb and reflect light. Chlorophyll is the most common plant pigment. It is necessary for photosynthesis.
Making sugars
In the second step of photosynthesis, sugars are made from the light energy. In chloroplasts, carbon dioxide from the air is converted into sugars by using the energy stored and trapped by chlorophyll. Carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen atoms from the splitting of water molecules and forms sugar molecules. Plants can use this sugar as an energy source. Plants can also store the sugar for later use. Potatoes and carrots are examples of plant structures where plants store excess sugar.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.
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