duty to pay the full cost of special assessments if the life of the public improvement is less than the duration of the line tenant's estate. Equitable apportionment is applied to improvements likely to last longer.

fully vested interests at creation, such as reversionary interests and completely vested remainders

Determine whether the interest will for certain either vest or fail to vest within 21 years of the life or lives in being

exist when two or more persons share an interest. Each is called a co-tenant.

each co-tenant owns an undivided interest in the whole with no right of survivorship. presumed orem of co-ownership.

Possession: unity of possession - each joint tenant has the right to possess the whole.

Divisibility: co-tenant may devise his interest and the interest can depend by intestacy.

each co-tenent owns an undivided interest in the whole and has a right of survivorship.

reserved for married couples. presumed in some states if conveyance to a married couple. gives each spouse an undivided interest in the whole and ROS

a lease gives the tenant exclusive possession of the premises for a period of time.

a lease can be created expressly or implied by conduct of the parties

deliver legal right to possession of premises

assignment - occurs when the tenant transfers to a third party all of his right in the leased premises

sublease - occurs when the tenant transfers less than all of his right to a third person.

affirmative - gives the holder the right to prevent a landowner from doing something on th eland

in gross - is personal in nature, resulting in a servant but not a dominant estate.

when the holder of the dominant estate releases his interest to the holder of the servient estate

when the dominant and servient estates come into common ownership

when a governmental body acquired the servient estate through an exercise of the eminent domain power

is a privilege, usually to do something on someone else's property

expire upon death of the licensor or the conveyance of the servient estate

writing, intent, horizontal and vertical privity, touch and concern, and notice

equitable servitude - if a plaintiff can establish all elements of a covenant that runs with the land, the plaintiff seeks equitable reilef.

restriction on the use of land

due process and EP clause

any conditions of price or payment agreed upon

is the title that is reasonably free from doubt in both fact and law.

defects in the chain of title, such as adverse possession, defective execution of a deed, or significant variation of the description of the land

encumbrances such as mortgages, lien, easements, leases, and covenants

encroachment of your improvements onto another's land, or encroachment of another onto your land.

zoning and other land use restrictions do not render title unmarketable unless a zoning violation exists.

real estate contract merge into the deed at closing

important when two or more parties claim that the owner has conveyed or mortgaged the property to them