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populations and ecosystems - Coggle Diagram
populations and ecosystems
concepts
community
all populations together
large area
population
same species
large area
unstable
changes more common
ecology
relationship to habitat
diversity
fitness
adaptation
mutations
new alleles
alter phenotype
natural selection
ecosystem
biotic
abiotic
relationships to habitats
habitat
life cycle conditions
of plants
nonmigratory
pollinators
operational habitat
affect a plant
components
abiotic
nonliving
climate
rainfall
relative humidity
temperature
wind
tolerance range
Soil factors
forms from
breakdown of rock
first plants
pioneers
high tolerance
nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes
soil results
A horizon
uppermost layer
zone of leaching
B horizon
middle layer
zone deposition
C horizon
below layer
parent rock
rock fragments
latitude and longintude
equator
no seasons
farther from equator
north or south
more seasons
extremes
cold
disturbance
examples
earthquakes
landslides
snow avalanches
floods
rapidly change ecosystem
no impact
other abiotic factors
biotic
living
plant itself
an individual
modifies habitat
detrimental
neutral
beneficial
other plant species
mutualism
beneficial for both
competition
competes for resources
nutrients
water
spaces
competitive exclusion
superior species prevails
niche
#
set of conditions
specific for organism
ecotypes
divergent specie beginning
transplant experiment
to determine ecotype
in common garden
organisms (not plants)
animals
frugivores
fungi
prokaryotes
symbiotic relationships
commensal
one benefits
one not harmed
predation
one benefits
one harmed
herbivores
herbivory
browsing
grazing
mutualism
both benefit
pathogenic
virulent
mild
ecosystem structure
temporal structure
time constituted changes
seasons
spring
winter
summer
fall
species diversity
#
species composition
#
due to
stressful climate
soil conditions
natural selection
tolerance
physiognomic structure
life forms
defined by Raunkiaer
surviving stressful seasons
hemicryptophytes
geophytes
chamaephytes
therophytes
phanerophytes
categories
trees
shrubs
herbs
tropic levels
feeding levels
sunlight
primary producers
primary consumers
secondary consumers
omnivores
tertiary consumers
carnivores
decomposer
3 more items...
herbivores
photosynthesis
10% attained
population structure
geographical distribution
geographical boundary range
limiting factor
local geographic distribution
random distribution
clumped distribution
uniform distribution
alllelochemics
allelopathy
Age distribution
demography
generation time
intrinsic rate
biotic potential
carrying capacity
R-selection
produced by disturbances
low population density
limiting factor
biotic potential
mutations are advantages
r-selected species
annual plants
small shrubby perennials
k-selection
crowded habitat
k-selected species
douglas firs
bristle-cone pines
low resource amout
