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1.4.4 Motivation in theory and practise - Coggle Diagram
1.4.4 Motivation in theory and practise
b) Motivational Theorists
Taylor- Scientific Managment
Analyses work flow and that tasks should be broken down into smaller tasks
Piece rate money = More productive and More motivated and engaged with job
Opportunity to increase wage
• USE QUICKEST METHOD
• NOT ALWAYS BEST - QUALITY SUFFERS
• VIEW PEOPLE AS MACHINES
How is it used?
Employees should be trained and instructed on how to do a job efficiently
Advantages:
Improves productivity
- reduce its costs- employing fewer employees
Disadvantages:
Employees may rush
during the production process leading to mistakes and errors
Employees may become
bored
with completing the same task over and over again
Maslow- Hierachy of needs
How is it used?
Certain need to be fulfilled before on could move onto the next
1)
Self- Actualisation
- Employees given the opportunity to meet their full potential through achievement and responsibility
2)
Esteem needs
- Giving employees access to opportunities for promotion, recognising and celebrating successes
3)
Belongingness and Love needs
- Giving employees opportunities to build relationships through teamwork and social interactions.
4)
Saftey needs
- Giving employees job security and a safe working environment
5)
Psychological needs
- Offering to employees so that they are able to purchase food and accommodation
Herzbergy- Two factor theory
That factor in the workplace causes job satisfaction
MOTIVATORS, PROMOTIONAL, SENSE OF ACHIEVEMENT, RESPONSIBILITY AND NATURE OF ROLE
HYGIENE FACTORS, PAY, CONDITIONS, POLICY, TREATMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Safer Conditions
- Offer hygiene factors, will not motivate but stop the from becoming demotivated
Motivating Factors
- Opportunties for recognition, achievement, and responsibility, motivate employees
How is it used?
To understand that job satisfaction is influence positively or negatively
Advantages:
Structured approach- improve employee motivation
Disadvantages:
Assumes that employees will place the same importance on each of the hygiene and motivating factors as Herzberg did and this may not apply to all staff
a) Importance of motivation
Having motivated staff will lead to greater productivity meaning less wastage and higher profitability
Motivated employees are:
More creative
More accurate
More analytical
Better at handling problems and customer complaints
More loyal and reliable- less likely to leave- reducing labour turnover rates- reduces costs to training new staff
d) Non-financial insentives
Delegation
Consultation
Empowerment
Team working
Flexible working
Job enrichment
Job rotation
c) Financial Insentives
Piece Work
Taylor
; produce more get paid more
Only applicable where volume of worker can be measured
However can cause equity to decline as workers rush production to get more units made
Commision
Pay for each unit produced links to Taylor
-Produce more get more pay
Bonus
Motivate staff to meet target, creates loyalty to the workplace and raise productivity
Profit share
Maslow; belonging
United workers and shareholders as they want business to improve as creates benefits for them
Only small share isn't the most successful motivator tool
Perfromance Realted pay
Extra pay for achieving targets
- motivate staff however depending on the amount the bonus if may insufficient to motivate, may be more beneficial for team bonus?
Links to
Maslow's
hierarchy of needs, feel undervalued if don't reach bonus or bonus offered is too low
Mayo- Human relations theory
How is it used?
Used to illustrate the likelihood that team will be successful
Advantages:
Motivate staff
- improved communication between leaders, mangers and employers
Offering opportunity for group and team work
It illustrated that employees are more motivated by relational factor than
monetary rewards
Human Relations
- workers motivated if managers were more interest in them as people
WORKING CONDITIONS
SKILLS
FINANCIAL INCENTIVES
SEEN AS BIAS TO MANAGERS MANIPULATING EMPLOYEES
COMMUNICATION DOESN'T ALWAYS WORK
Financial Vs Non- Financial inventive
Financial Position
Must be strong if use financial methods of motivation- increase business costs
Demand of employees
The values and demands of employees should be considered as in some cases employees may value financial methods of motivation whilst in other cases employees may prefer non-financial methods of motivation
Competitors
The actions of competitors may affect whether a business should use financial of non-financial methods of motivation as the business may need to compete with what competitors are offering their staff