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VARIATION AND STYLE - Coggle Diagram
Is one person enough to draw conclusions from a study like Rickford and McNair-Knox's? (KB)
How much influence does the intervier's speech has on the interviewee? (KB)
How are dialects formed? Why do a part of hungarian speakers prefer saying words with ö indstead of e? When I try to swich to e it is uncomfortable and feels unnatural to form with my mouth, like I'm trying to learn to pronounce a new sound.
I heard even in New York there are different accents, not just one. Is there a hierarchy among them? Like, is there a standard New York accent and every other is "looked down' upon? (BL)
The book mentioned that an interview might include questions about the interviewees beliefs to elicit an informal speech, however, it most likely will include sensitive topics like politics and religion. Can this cause a problem if the interviewer and the interviewee don’t know each other that well? (ÖF)
„The familiarity of the interviewer appears to have overridden any effect that her ethnic identity might have had” Could this mean that the biggest factor that affects the person’s choice of variation is the familiarity he or she has with his/her interlocutor? (ÖF)
- How could Labov assess the speakers' attention to their own speech, in order to decide the formality of their styles and the variant they produced? Couldn't this formality level be embedded in the short narrative he prepared for them to read out? (Hossi)
- What does a "qualitative break" mean? Does it refer to a change in the nature of two adjacent tasks of a study? (Hossi)
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Do people learn unconsciously how to use style-shifting successfully? Do we acquire this "ability" during the years of childhood or later in life? (MK)
Concerning triangulation, what happens if the different research methods show inconsistent results? (MK)
Why is the method of collecting data in the “department store study” considered to be more ethical and acceptable than recording a conversation and asking for the participants’ consent afterwards? In the first case people are unaware of their speech being examined as well, and they are not even asked for their permission. (VSZ)
Does the audience design hypothesis exclude completely Labov’s theory of attention to others? Or is it possible that both can influence intraspeaker variations at the same time? (VSZ)
„The second is the idea that speakers have an audience in mind, and they design their speech to suit that audience. The third is the idea that different linguistic styles present different personas that the speaker identifies with.“ Aren’t these two ideas closely connected or even the same? As speech can be a (conscious) marker of identity I would think that when people design their speech and choose the appropriate linguistic style for the audience they are speaking to, they also impersonate different personas that they identify with as a result. (HA)
Are there any social psychologist who tried to examine people’s speech in informal, low-control circumstances (like the ones that sociolinguists work in)? (HA)
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"Labov sees style-shifting as a linguistic reflex of changes in the amount of attention a speaker pays to their speech. Do you think Bell's audience-design approach simply restates style-shifting in terms of how much attention speakers are paying to real or possible listeners? Or do you think the differences between the two approaches are more fundamental?" The book poses these questions that I was wondering about too. Is there really a difference or is it the same thing viewed from a different perspective/ worded differently?
The book mentioned negative attitudes towards the term "dialect" and sometimes "variation" can be used to avoid them. Why? Under what circumstances can it be offensive to tell that someone is speaking a dialect? (ME)
Is there some direct connection between the NYC [r]-less pronounciation and the British forms which are also r-less? Did New Yorkers want to sound more British back in the day? What influenced the formation of the dialect/accent differences in the USA? (ME)
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Can you illustrate with an example the idea that different linguistic styles present different personas that the speaker identifies with? (GYB)
Labov's rapid and anonymous method studies the subjects without their knowledge. Is this method frowned upon in the sociolinguistic community?(Taha)
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Which is more important factor in style shifting: ethnicity or familiarity?
Why NYC people considered the r-less dialect less prestigious?
PA
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In the case of triangulation, if 1 of the 3 methods shows different result, is it still considered to be a strong and valid finding? AAN
If we interview our subjects in a situation while they are doing other things (e.g. gardening, cooking, or housework, etc.) can we get them to pay just as much attention to their speech as if we were asking them to report a personal story? AAN
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