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Medical Parasitology "Protozoa" - Coggle Diagram
Medical Parasitology
"Protozoa"
Flagellate
Habitat and Species
Genito-urinary tract
• Trichomonas vaginalis
Oral cavity
• Trichomonas tenax
Intestine : • Giardia lamblia
• Dientamoeba flagilis
Blood stream
(hemoflagellates)
• Leishmania spp.
• Trypanosoma spp.
Giardia lamblia
Disease : Giardiasis, Traveller’s diarrhea
Habitat : small intestine
Infective stage : 4 nuclei cyst
Distribution : -cosmopolitan especially tropics
-commonly found in children
Symptoms and pathogenesis
Typical disease
Watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss
Severe disease
steatorrhoea,Achlorhydria, malnutrition
Asymptomatic
Transmission
Fecal-oral transmission (highly contagious)
Contaminant food and drink
Sexual : homosexual
Prevention
Personal hygiene
Travelers can be warned to
avoid local water supplies
Trichomonas vaginalis
Diagnosis
Culture on modified Diamond’s medium
Detection of T. vaginalis Ag by serological analysis
Wet smear of fresh specimens
Prevention
Sexual partners should be rapidly treated
Use condom during sexual activity
Symptomless males must be diagnosed & cured
Disease
: Trichomoniasis
Habitat
: vagina (female)urethra, epididymis and prostate gland(male)
Distribution
: cosmopolitan
Transmission
: sexual intercourse
Ciliate
Balantidium coli
• Ciliate protozoa
• Largest protozoa parasite of humans
Disease : Balantidiasis/Balantidial dysentery
Habitat : Colon of human, pigs and other mammals
Distribution : Worldwide (tropical zones)
Transmission :Fecal-oral route/contaminated food and water
Pathology : balantidiasis :
Digestion of epithelium cell of host by hyaluronidaseenzyme
Ulcers (flask shaped)
Tenesmus
Dysentery
Prevention : Similar to E. histolytica
SPOROZOA
Coccidia
: Toxoplasma gondii,Cystoisospora belli,Cryptosporidium spp.
Malaria parasites
:Plasmodium spp.
Malaria
A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium
Transmitted only by female Anopheles Mosquitoes
Prevention
Malaria prevention is entirely based on protection against mosquito bites.
Several malaria vaccines are under development and none is available.
Amoeba