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Unit 5: Cognitive Psychology, intalligence - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Limits: less literal, fragile than a computer
      - process
        
        storage : retain⬇️
        
        retrieval: back out
        
        Encoding: get information into brain⬇️
    - - short term memory a place for storage=working memory: a more active desktop for us to process the new info, and link new info with the old memories
      - long time memory
      - Sensory memory
      - later: added that the memory can be automatic saved as long term
  - - - Explict memory: declarative memories, we know and counciously remember them
      - Automatic Processing: directly into storage
      - Effortful processing: we remember them with experience and practice
        
        Mnemonics: vivid imagery
        
        Hierarchies: organize, such as mind map
        
        Disturbed practice
        
        Spacling effect: : Massed practice
        
        testing effect:enhanced memory after retrieving,
        
        chunking: group up
      - Implicit memory: non-declarative memories, automaticlly saved
      - storage
        
        frontal lobe
        
        left: password
        
        right: visual party scene
        
        Hippocampus: help process
        
        Damage to left: verbal
        
        damage to right: location
      - storage
        
        Joseph LeDoux : there are some memory left
        
        cerebellum: saved with classical condition
        
        basal ganglia: involved in motor movement,facilitate formation of our procedural memories for skills
    - - Iconic memory: Visual stimuli
      - Echoic Memory: hearing, auditory stimuli
    - - Acoustic: sound
      - Semantic: meaning by ourself
      - visual: image and shape
    - - shallow processing
      - deep processing: semantically, based on the meaning of the word
  - - - you will remember the memory with stronger emotion better.
      - Hormon emake more glucose energy available to fuel brain activ- ity, signaling the brain that something important has happened
      - Amygdula: process emotion, help
      - flashbulb memories: a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
    - - long- term potentiation (LTP): an increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
  - - - priming: uncousiously association
      - context-depended memory
      - state-dependent memory
        
        mood-congruent memory the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood.
        
        serial position effect our tendency to recall best the last (a recency effect) and first items (a primacy effect) in a list
    - - recognition: identify again
      - recall: call up
      - relearning:learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or later time
  - - - Retrieval failure: cannot get out
        
        interference
        
        proactive: pervious influence later
        
        Retroactive: later influence before
        
        positive transfer : use familiar thing to help
      - amnesia
        
        Anterograde amnesia: cannot form new memory
        
        Retrograde amnesia: cannot recall their past
      - Storage decay: Hermann Ebbirghaus: forgetting curve
      - Motivated forgetting: we tend to forget unwanted memory
      - Encoding failure: never notice, don't encoding
    - - misinformation effect:misleading information
      - Source Amnesia: at the heart of many false memories.
        
        déjà vu
        
        Eyewitness Recall: unreliable
- - - - Expertise
      - Imaginative thinking skill
      - a venture personality: seek new experience
      - Inyrinsic motivation:
      - creative environment
- - - - Mental set: you think sth same at all time
      - functional fixation
- - - - stage1, babbling stage
      - stage2, one word stage
      - stage3 two-word stage
- - - - linguistic
      - verbal
      - naturalist
      - body-kinesthetic
      - logical
      - spatial
      - musical
      - interpersonal
  - - - Understanding emotions: predict
      - Managing emotions: situation
      - Perceiving emotions: to recognize emotion in face
      - Using emotions to enable adaptive or creative thinking
- - - - 15 subtests
- - - - test-relest
      - split
    - - Content validity
      - predictive validity
    - - Flynn effect: observed rise over time in standardized intelligence test scores