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Jan-DEMOCRACY, POLITY & GOVERNANCE & Anti-Defection Law &…

- - - - and views as possible
    - - the functioning of just and equitable society
    - - unless its defined in
      - social and individual contexts
- - - - covert and overt ways at 3 levels
      - political, bureaucratic and corporate sector
    - - politicians, civil servants and business houses
      - last few years influence on
        
        public policy formulation
        
        and governance
        
        resulted in corruption is sign of
        
        political instability
        
        and institutional decay
    - - tarnished
        
        image of Indian electoral politics
      - demeaning
        
        the sanctity of election
    - - practices of horse trading
    - - disunity among the different communities
  - - - force their views on MPs
      - any disagreement with the party
      - can result in MPs
        
        losing their seat in the legislature
      - weakens the accountability mechanism
    - - MPs are free to vote
        
        based on their conscience
    - - used as toolkit
        
        to weaken their opposition
        
        against the
        
        concept of representative democracy
    - - defection cases
        
        lie forgotten after
        
        political crisis is averted
  - - - no other speech is barred
        
        for legislators
- - - - India is nation of Unity in Diversity
    - - uphold the value of DPG
- - - - Imperfect, because of consti design
    - - offers opportunity
        
        for second legislative scrutiny
      - permanent upper house
        
        check against any abrupt changes
        
        in the composition of Lower House
  - - - in the house and
        
        asking the house
        
        to put forward its opinion
        
        in the forms of yes or no
    - - every question shall be decided
      - by majority of members
        
        sitting and voting
    - - simply division
        
        method of taking a vote
        
        that physically counts
        
        members voting
  - - - upheld the consti validity of sedition
      - and noted
        
        reasonable restriction on free speech
        
        provided in Article19(2)
    - - citizen has right to say or write
        
        whatever she likes about the govt
        
        by way of criticism or comments
        
        as long as
        
        incite people to violence
        
        against the govt