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Old World Monkey: Africa & Asia - Coggle Diagram
Old World Monkey: Africa & Asia
OW monkey = Superfamily Cercopithecoidea
Subfamily Cercopithecinae
Macaque: 20 species
Rhesus macaque
widely distributed
from Pakistan to South China
Baboon's relative in Asia
Japanese macaque = snow monkey
very hardy, old weather
hot spring
monkey dumplings
ground-living
diurnal, social, multi-male + multi-female;
hardy & adaptable
Gibrator macaque = Barbary ape
from Morocco (North Africa) to Spain (Europe)
adaptable
Cynomolgus monkey = crab-eating macaque
adaptable, can swim
Tailand
Baboons and mandrills
Africa
coexist with predators
widely distributed
ground/terretrial
multi-male social group to protect
aggressive
grow larger & teeth to threat / protect from leopard, lion
geleda baboon & hamadryas baboon
only monkey in East Africa
hottest place
eat grass
cheeck-pouched monkeys
store food in "backpack"
hardy, adapatable
Guenons
revert back to tree (3M yr)
1 male group
less predation in tree
Central Africa
Talapoin
smallest OW monkey (> gympy marmoset)
revert back to tree (3M yr)
Central Africa
small distribution in Cameroon
female dominant
Patas monkey
back to ground
1 adult male group (rare), b/c arboreal ancestor
Superfamily Colobinae
Colobus
Black & White Colobus monkey
Folivore vegetarians
mom & dad: B & W; baby: white
infanticide by adult males
1 male + many females
fight & kill babies
aggression
bachelor band takeover single-male + female harem group
vegetarian, leaf
Africa
Langur
Proboscis monkey (长鼻) = Nasalis
Indonesia
Golden snub-nosed monkey
China
vegetarian -> bark in mountains
vegetarian
Hunaman Langue = India
Douc Langur = Vietnam
vegetarian = sacculated 袋装 stomach ->
mix bacteria with leaves + long stomach to get nutrients
Vervet
red, blue, white
SAIDS research: Simian Immuno-deficiency Virus (SIV)
adapt to not get AIDS
South Africa
Origin
from OW prosimians
parallel evolution
originate in Africa, 45 M yr
langur, colobus
Macaque type of monkey: 26 M
macaque in India, Japan
geleda, mandrill, baboon
Patas: guenon, vervet, mangabey
Main trend toward omnivore (opportunistic omnivory) -> ground-living macaques and baboons form multi-male social group to protect
Branch toward flivory (arboreal)
revert back to trees (guenons of Africa) -> 1 male/multi-female
Ancestor: diurnal, tree-living monkey
Patas monkey back to ground, but stilll 1 male group
Characterictics
Nose
haplorrhine = dry outer nose
no vomeronasal
catarrhine = nose apart = no scent-marking
larger = all diurnal
more intelligent than NW
ground living (most) + tree living
button: ischial callosoties = sit; 4 feet
visual cues (e.g. sex skin)
menstrual cycle
32 teeth = 2-1-2-3 = human
1 or multi male + mutli female
maternal care
1 infant
simple uterus + haemochorial placenta
5.5-6 month pregnancy
6-12 months nursing
opportunistic omnivorous
travel & find food
very hardy, can travel in water
Africa
predation
cats & birds eat monkeys