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Child Developmental Theories - Coggle Diagram
Child Developmental Theories
Freud's Psychosexual Developmental Theories
Child development occurs in series of stages focused on different pleasures areas of the body
The energy of the libido was focused on different erogenous zones at specific stages. Failure to progress through a stage can result in a fixation at the point of development
Early experiences played the greatest role in shaping development.
Erikson´s Pyschosocial Developmental Theory
At each stage, children and adults face a developmental crisis that serves as a major turning point.
Managing the challenges of each stage leads to the emergence of a lifelong psychological virtue.
Social interaction and experience played decisive roles
from infancy to death
Behavioral Child Development Theories
Enviromental influences
Development- considered a reaction of rewards, punishments, stimuli, and reinforcement.
NO consideration to internal thoughts or feelings. It focuses on how experiences shape who we are.
Classical conditioning: learning by pairing a naturally occurring stimulus with previously neutral stimulus.
Operant conditoning: reinforcement and punishments to modify behaviours.
Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theories
stages
Sensorimotor stage: between birth and and age two. Simple motor responses caused by sensory stimuli.
Concret operational stage: between ages 7 and 11. Better understanding of mental operations. Begin thinking logically but have difficulty understanding abstract concepts.
Preperational stage: between ages 2 and 6. Do not yet know concrete logic, cannot mentally manipulate info and are unable to take the point of view of other people.
Formal operational stage: between 12 and adulthood. Ability to think about abstract concepts. Logical thoughts, deductive reasoning, and systematic planning.
by. playing, making things, moving, etc
From EGOCENTRISM to SOCIOCENTRISM
Bowlby's Attachment Theory
Kids need attachments
Close and connected to their caregivers who in turn provide a safe haven and a secure base for exploration.
Consistent support and care, are more likely to develop secure attachment style
Less reliable care, develop an ambivalent, avoidant or disorganized.
Bandur's Social Learning Theory
Behaviours can be also learn by observations and modeling.
People also can learn by listening to verbal instructions about how to perform a behavior as through observing either real or fictional characters in books or films.
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Childrens learn by hands-on experiences
Inherently social process, learning becomes integrated into an individual's understanding of the world.
Proximal development: the gap between the person can do with help and what they can do by their own
