Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Extent to which roles are relationships are changing - Coggle Diagram
Extent to which roles are relationships are changing
Roles and relationships between partners
Conjugal roles - separation of roles in the household based on gender
Segregated conjugal roles - roles within relationship are distinct from each other based on gender
Join conjugal roles - roles within the relationship are shared
75% of mothers with children are also at work compared to 9 of fathers ONS2019
29% of women have reduced hours because of childcare compared to 5% of men ONS 2019
There are roughly 200,000 stay at home dads compared to 1.46 million mums ONS 2007
Perspectives on gender roles in families
Functionalism
Parsons and bales - Divisions of roles are necessary. Socializing children into roles trains them to fulfil their natural roles. Women expressive and men instrumental
Symmetry and the democratization of gender roles
Giddens- women no loner need to accept male dominance. Women are free to choose their role. Men have become more willing to share roles nd responsibilities
Young and Wilmott - the symmetrical family is characterized by
Joint conjugal roles
The family is neuclear
The family is privatized
Feminism
Oakley - women have a higher participation in childcare and house work
Radical feminist's - family roles are established to exercise control
Marxism
Gender roles are shaped by the needs of capitalism. Fulfilling a personal relationship is impossible
Postmodernism
Family is too diverse to be considered patriarchal or symmetrical. Families negotiate their own roles and terms
Giddens- women no loner need to accept male dominance. Women are free to choose their role. Men have become more willing to share roles nd responsibilities
The domestic division of labour
Duel burden - women who work full-time hours who still contribute to most of the domestic division chores
Survey research - Participants asked how much domestic labour they do. Not reliable men overestimate, women underestimate
Time budget research - participants asked to keep a diary of how much time they spend doing domestic work
Hakim - Feminists are unfair in their assumption that men do less work. When you add up all the paid and unpaid hours its split more equally
Diversity in domestic
division of labour
Social class - Man Yee Kan - working class women do more housework that middle class because they can afford to employ help
Ethnicity - Berthoud - Asian families tend to be more traditional in terms of gender roles. African- Caribbean families mothers do both paid and unpaid work
Sexuality - Weeks - same sex couple take more of a post-modern view of the domestic division of labour
Dunne - study lesbian couple saw household tasks shares equally dependent on amount of paid work
Age - Younger generation fairer in their domestic division of labour however once they settle and have children roles come back
Power in family relationships
Parsons - suggests that men and women play equal and complimentary roles
Feminists - however men exercise power in heterosexual couples. The women appear to do most of the work and receive no reward
Hardhill - Middle class study
Both husbands and wives had well paid jobs. However using semi-structured interviews 19 out of 30 couples said the mans career came first, 5 women took precedence and 6 said neither was most important
Phal - Growing individualization in couples finances especially younger couples. Shift towards greater equality. In the past men controlled finances and gave wives allowances. Individual finances can put women at a disadvantage as men earn more