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Brain - Coggle Diagram
Brain
Cranial nerves
1 = olfactory = smell
2 = optic = sight
3 = oculomotor = moves eye, pupil
4 = trochlear = moves eye
5 = trigeminal = face sensation
6 = abducens = moves eye
7= facial = moves fave, salavate
8 = vestibulocochlear = hearing , balance
9 = glossopharyngeal = taste, swallow
10 = vagus = heart rate, digestion
11 = accessory = moves head
12 = hypoglossal = moves lounge
Deep structures
Hypothalamus
controls autonomic system. controlling behaviors such as hunger, thirst, sleep, and sexual response. It also regulates body temperature, blood pressure, emotions, and secretion of hormones.
Pituitary gland
connected to hypothalamus. "master gland"= controls endocrine glands. secretes hormones eg muscle & bone growth and stress response.
pineal gland
Internal clock. circadian rhythms
Thalamus
serves as a relay station for almost all information that comes and goes to the cortex. It plays a role in pain sensation, attention, alertness and memory.
Basal ganglia
includes the caudate, putamen and globus pallidus. These nuclei work with the cerebellum to coordinate fine motions, such as fingertip movements.
Limbic system
Emotions, learning, and memory. Included in this system are the cingulate gyri, hypothalamus, amygdala (emotional reactions) and hippocampus (memory).
Pons
medulla
hippocampus
amygdala
Lobes of brain
Frontal lobe
personality, behaviour, emotions , problem solving, speech (brocas) body movement, concentration
Parietal lobe
interprets language, words, touch, pain, temp, signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory. spatial and visual perception
Occipital lobe
vision
temporal lobe
understanding lang (Wernickes). memory, hearing, sequencing , organisation.
Areas of brain
Cerebrum
Left & right hemispheres. It performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.
Cerebellum
Coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance.
Brainstem
Automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.
Cortex
surface of cerebrum. grey matter = neurones. white matter = axons. fold = gyrus. sulcus = grove
Glia cells
Astroglia or astrocytes are the caretakers — they regulate the blood brain barrier, allowing nutrients and molecules to interact with neurons. They control homeostasis, neuronal defense and repair, scar formation, and also affect electrical impulses.
Oligodendroglia cells create a fatty substance called myelin that insulates axons – allowing electrical messages to travel faster.
pendymal cells line the ventricles and secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Microglia are the brain’s immune cells, protecting it from invaders and cleaning up debris. They also prune synapses.
Memory
STM
Prefrontal cortex. 7+-2
LTM
Hippocampus of temporal. unlimited capacity and duration
skill memory
cerebellum. stores automatic learned movements.
Language areas (both on left side)
Brocka's area
The person can still read and understand spoken language but has difficulty in speaking and writing (i.e. forming letters and words, doesn't write within lines) – called Broca's aphasia.
Wernicke's area
The individual may speak in long sentences that have no meaning, add unnecessary words, and even create new words. They can make speech sounds, however they have difficulty understanding speech and are therefore unaware of their mistakes.
Blood suply
The internal carotid arteries (ICA) and the vertebral arteries (VA). connects at the circle of willis.