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4. The Industrial Revolution and the class-based society - Coggle Diagram
4. The Industrial Revolution and the class-based society
The beginning of the Industrial Revolution: Great Britain
The Industrial Revolution was a process through which tecnhological advances led to a dramatic economic changes. Agriculture became less important than industry, and industrial capitalism emerged. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in about 1750
The consequences
Agricultural improvements
Increased trade
Population growth
Mechanisation
Key elements
The textile industry
The iron and steel industry
The transport Revolution
The causes
The Agricultural Revolution
Increased trade
Population growth
Technological advances
Industrialisation in the rest of Europe and the United States
During the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution spread to other European countries such as Germany, Belgium and France
Conditions
Capital for investment
Population growth
Abundant reserves of coal and iron
Well-developed railway networks
The industrialisation of the United States
In the 1840s the United States began the process of industrialisation. This process was enabled by this trade links with Great Britain
Class-based society
People’s status depended on their wealth and their job
The characteristics
Upper class
Wealthy bourgeoisie
Nobility
Middle class
Civil servants, lawyers and doctors
Small-scale merchants and craftsmen
Farmers who owned small agriculture holdings
Working class
Industrial workers
Tenant farmers and agricultural laborers
Life in the industrial city
Cities grew in size
New neighbourhoods
New buildings were constructed and infrastructure was developed
The origins
The French Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
The working-class movement
Industrial working conditions
Child labour
Lack of safety and hygiene in the workplace
The working day was extremely long and exhausting
Workers had no rights
Wages were too low to support a family
Workers did not have the right to protect or strike
The origins of working-class politics
Labour reforms
Shorter working days
Better safety and hygiene in factories
Higher wages
A ban on child labour
Political reforms
The right to strike and protest
Universal manhood suffrage
Freedom of association
An end to the requirement that MP’s be property owners
Working-class representation in Parliament and in the government
Revolutionary ideologies
Anarchism
Developed by Pierre Joseph Proudhon
Direct action
The abolition of private property
Individual freedom
The international
The leaders of workers’ organizations form various European countries began to meet. They formed and organisation known as the international
Marxism
Developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
The dictatorship of the working class
The communist economy
Class struggle
The communist society