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Past modal and Relative clauses By: Dulce Romero - Coggle Diagram
Past modal
and
Relative clauses
By: Dulce Romero
Past modal
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Modal verbs in the past are constructed with must / may / might / can’t / couldn’t + have + past participle.
MAY NOT HAVE, MIGHTN’T (MIGHT NOT) HAVE
We use may not have and might not (might not) have to express a 50% past chance that something is NOT true. Keep in mind that we only use could have in a positive way to talk about possibilities.
Example:
She
may/might not have
been at home yesterday, but I don’t really know. Puede que no haya estado en casa ayer, pero realmente no lo sé.
CAN’T HAVE, COULDN’T HAVE
We use can’t have and couldn’t have when we are 90% sure that something is not true.
Example:
She can’t/couldn’t have been at home yesterday. She was in Madrid.
Ella no pudo / no pudo haber estado en casa ayer. Ella estaba en Madrid.
MAY HAVE, MIGHT HAVE, COULD HAVE
We use may have, might have, and could have to express a 50% past chance that something is true.
Example:
She
may/might/could have
been at home yesterday, but I don’t really know.
Ella pudo / podría / podría haber estado en casa ayer, pero realmente no lo sé.
MUST HAVE
We use must have when we are 90% or more certain that something is true.
Example:
She
must have
been at home yesterday because they didn’t see her at work. Ayer debió estar en casa porque no la vieron en el trabajo.
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Relative clauses
Relative sentences give information about the person or thing someone is talking about, or they give us more information about that person or thing.
We use "where" to talk about a place
We use "whose" to indicate possession; to replace possessive adjectives, such as "my", "his", "her". Can also be used with people and things
You can use "whom" instead of "who" when the object of the verb is in the relative sentence, and also with prepositions
Definite sentences
A defined relative clause gives us the information necessary to understand the phrase.
Example:
The man lives next door to me.
The man
who wants to marry my sister
lives next door to me.
The relative clause defined in the sentence makes it clear which man is being talked about
Indefinite sentences
An undefined relative clause gives us extra information that is not necessary to understand the main part of the sentence.
Example:
William Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets.
William Shakespeare,
who died in 1616
, wrote 154 sonnets.
The indefinite relative clause in this sentence gives us additional information that is not necessary to understand.