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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS, image, image, image, image, image, image,…
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
computer funcions
Output of data using peripheral devices
Storing data in the storage devices
Input of data using peripheral devices
Processing data in the CPU, using microprocessor and memory.
computer elements
ROM BIOS
the BIOS starts the operating system in the main memory
can take control of the system
is carried out using instructions stored in specia red
cache memory
stores the data that the microprocessors uses most often
between RAM and microprocessor
microprocessor
clock rate sets the pace at which processes are completed.
Microprocessors can process 64 bits at a time.
integrate system mae up of millions of tiny transistors working together to process instruction and data recieved from the memory.
power depends on cache memory, and the speed comunicates with the RAM
RAM
instructions and data of an application are copied in this
we must save our work before we switch off the computer because RAM doesn't work.
computer's main memory
storage services
types
Optical discs
Solid-state memory(flash)
Magnetic disks
we use data storage units to permanently save data
motherboad and connecting devices
the communication of diffrents components take place in buses
components
IDE or ATA
Chipset
Slots
Various input/output ports
is a large board inside the computer
Connecting external devices
need to install a driver
installs automatically driver of most devices
Using an expasion spot on the modtherboard, by special connectors on the motheroard, Using the external pots on the side or the back of computer
we need an asistente para agregar Hardware a windows and a informe sobre nuestros dispositivos
devices managers: administrador de dispositivos in Windows and gestor de dispositivos in Linux
Computer language and function
Smallest unit of information we can store is the bit
8 bits together form a byte
Computers only use 1 and 0 (binary system)
ASCII: we give a code to each letther in alphabet and computer's characteres
Windows operating systems
hard disk maintenance
defragmenting the hard disk: put blocks in order
detecting and repairing errors: you can check for errors cliking Propiedades. Click Herramientas to see the tools you can use
cleaning the hard disk: clean your disk and delete programms and files clicking Liberador de espacio en disco
Saving power
to select right power options click Panel de control and then Opciones de energía
can tell computer to go stanby
installing and uninstalling programms
we need an installation wizard that guide us on the process
Agregar o quitar programas is very useful for adding and removing programs
system updates
Inicio-->Programas-->Windows Update
Actualizaciones automáticas, via Inicio-->Panel de control-->Rendimiento y mantenimiento-->Sistema
software and operating systems
programming languages: used to create other programs or applications
operating system
different types of software, but need operating system
provides a working enviroment
first thing that appears when you turn on computer
most used: Windows, Linux, Mac OS
process
operating system finds application on hard disk, sends copy to RAM and loads in screen
program recieve data from keyboard and send instructions to microprocessor through operating system
whwn we saved the document, operation system looks for space on hard disks and transfes data from memory to that space
click on Imprimir and operating system sends appropiate sings to print
when we close word processor, operating system deletes the application from memory
applications
word processors: Writer, Word
spreadssheets: Excel,Calc
presentations: Powerpoint,Impress
database management tools: Access, Base
drawing programms: Paint, Draw
antivirus software
operating system: manages the system resources
functions of operating system
manages the microprocessor
manages the memory and storage systems
provides an interface or working enviroment for user
allows communication between applications and peripheral devices
linux operating system
how to keep your system up to date
open Gestor de actualizaciones through Sistema-->Administración
click Comprobar and then Instalar actualizaciones
installing and uninstalling programs
Sinaptik package management program : Sistema-->Administración
Añadir y quitar aplicaciones in the menu
to install: go to Applications, sellect Añadir y Quitar apliicaciones window will appear; select the programme rou want; click on Aplicar cambios; and confirm the installation clicking on Aplicar
to uninstall: Aplications-->Añadir y quitar; then Añadir y quitar aplicaciones and click on Aplicar cambios
computer networks
categories
metropolitan area and networks
wide area networks
LANs
elements in a network
Needs an adaptor or network card to send information to other computers
Hubs distributes all the information it recieves between others computers , can be replaced by a switch which sends data it recieves
computer has a physical and logical component
Information travels down a transmission medium
is a set of computers connected to each other so they can share resources and exchange information
wireless networks
uses electromagnetic waves to transmit data
computers have a wirless network card
uses WAP to transmit data
Shared internet access
Using Internet Conection Sharing
Using a router
