Geography revision
Urbanisation: shift of population from a rural area to an urban area. Urban areas are characterised by high density housing and these areas have a continuous increase in population.
Migration: Movement of people to a new area or country. Migration can be internal or external, and there are many reasons why people migrate, for example:
- Economic reasons (ex. work or career).
- Social reasons (ex. closer to family/friends).
- Educational reasons (better schools).
- Environmental reasons (ex. less natural disasters).
- Political reasons (ex. war or political persecution). Link Title
Refugees: a person who has left their country/house to escape something like war.
Settlements
Asylum seeker: a person who has left their country, however he has not yet been legally recognized as a refugee.
A settlement is a place where people live. They can be grouped together using different criteria:
Location (site: where the town is located, and situation: where the settlement is located in relation to surrounding features).
Shape.
Major use.
Position.
Rank (as a service centre- hierarchy).
A succesful settlement
What makes a successful settlements?
A wet-point site, as water is needed every day.
A dry-point, needed to avoid flooding.
Building materials, including stone, wood, and clay.
Defence, for example like a river giving protection or a hill.
A fuel supply, for heating and cooking.
Food supplies, both crops and animals.
Nodal points, where two routes meet.
Bridging points, where a river is narrow or shallow enough to be bridged.
Shelter and aspect, protection from wind and facing the sun for heat and light
Shapes of settlements
Dispersed: They are far apart and isolated from other buildings.
Nucleated: Most of the buildings are close together.
Linear: They are formed along a line, in between they may have a river valley, a main road, and so on.
Rapid urbanization problems
Industries and homes create toxic waste which can harm our body and environment, however this can be reduced by increasing the use of renewable energy.
More crime, however it can be solved using CCTV and security guards.
Increase of water pollution, however it ca be reduced by regulating industries.