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The Nature of Mussolini's Dictatorship - Coggle Diagram
The Nature of Mussolini's Dictatorship
Violence
the ras
dual policy
externally
Mussolini condemned violence
Mussolini did not support blackshirts
internally
Mussolini supported of militant actions
controlled squadristi
later became National Security Guard (loyal to Mussolini)
1924: Matteotti crisis
suspension of parliament
OVRA
anti-socialist crusade
Support
indirectly
aristocracy = link to royal family
given position of PM by king (1922 oct 29)
Catholic Church
ban of contraception
religious education became mandatory
Lateran Treaty with Pope Pius XI
independent Vatican
Roman Catholic = state religion
directly
economic elite
middle class
small holders
petit bourgeoise
Policy
Internal Policy
Fascist Grand Council: supreme decision-making body (members appointed)
1924 April Elections
1923: Acerbo Laws
cheatings: stolen ballot boxes + vote on behalf of dead
1926: ban of all political parties + deputies expelled
1926: allowed to issue decrees without parliamentary approval
1929 Elections
change of electoral system + fear of violence
Mussolini established as dictator
1926: Ministry of Corporations
Chamber of Fasci and Corporations
weakened fascist syndicates
External Policy
1923: Corfu Incident
Mussolini = protector of Italy
1935-36: Abyssinian crisis
1936-39: Spanish Civil War
1936: Rome-Berlin Axis
Social Policy
Social classes
Workers
1926: loss of independent trade unions
social welfare
needed for prevention of communism
Middle class
Economic elite
Women
Battle of Births
benefits and prizes
taxation policy
laws against abortion and divorce
Youngsters
youth organizations
Racism
Charter of Race
no intermarriages
no Jewish students/teachers
1925: Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro
Economy
Battle over the Southern Problem
Battle for Grain
agricultural export went down
import olive oil
Battle for Land
draining swamps
good against unemployment
Battle for Lira
led to decline in exports
1929: Great Depression
1933: Institute for Industrial Reconstruction
Art
Novecento movement
Art deco
Futurism
Romanitá movement
excavations
use of Roman symbols
Propaganda
light left turned on in office
posters
prays
mottos
"Believe, Obey, Fight"
the people for the state
control of press + censorship
documentaries
state radio network
Ministry for Press and Propaganda
Ministry of Popular Culture